{"id":14397,"date":"2026-08-28T20:10:54","date_gmt":"2026-08-28T14:40:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/blog\/?p=14397"},"modified":"2026-08-28T20:11:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T14:41:21","slug":"spring-boot-project-ideas-to-master-java-backend","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/blog\/spring-boot-project-ideas-to-master-java-backend\/","title":{"rendered":"Spring Boot Project Ideas to Master Java Backend"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spring Boot handles a surprising amount of the setup behind a Java application. You can start with a web application, connect Spring Data JPA to a database, add validation or security, and bring in other Spring projects as the application needs them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So which Spring Boot projects can help you?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An employee management API is enough to work with controllers, services, repositories, and JPA. Add departments, and you have relationships to model. Add users and suddenly authentication and authorisation matter. If the same records are being read repeatedly, caching becomes worth considering. If an order needs to notify another service without holding up the request, messaging gives you a different way to handle that work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can keep taking that same backend further. Testing, API documentation, file handling, Kafka, microservices, resilience, Docker, Kubernetes, and monitoring each introduce a different problem to solve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That is what these 15 Spring Boot projects focus on. You can start with the REST foundations, add the concerns that make sense for the application, or follow the complete sequence through to a distributed backend.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the setup, <a href=\"https:\/\/start.spring.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spring Initializr<\/a> gives you a starting project and lets you choose the dependencies you need. If you want to place Spring Boot in the larger Java ecosystem first, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/topics\/difference-between-spring-and-spring-boot\/\">Spring vs Spring Boot<\/a> can help you with it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So, let\u2019s begin with the projects!<\/p>\n\n\n<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n<title>Scaler Carousel<\/title>\n\n<!-- Plus Jakarta Sans Font -->\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Plus+Jakarta+Sans:wght@400;500;600;700&amp;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n<!-- Swiper CSS -->\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/swiper@11\/swiper-bundle.min.css\">\n\n<style>\n.scaler-carousel {\n  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;\n  max-width: 900px;\n  margin: 24px auto;\n  padding: 0;\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n.scaler-carousel *,\n.scaler-carousel *::before,\n.scaler-carousel *::after {\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\n\/* Header *\/\n.scaler-header {\n  text-align: center;\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\n}\n.scaler-header-title {\n  font-size: 22px;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  color: #1a1a2e;\n  margin: 0 0 6px;\n  line-height: 1.2;\n}\n.scaler-header-subtitle {\n  font-size: 14px;\n  color: #6b7280;\n  margin: 0;\n  font-weight: 500;\n}\n\n\/* Swiper *\/\n.swiper.scaler-swiper {\n  padding-bottom: 48px;\n}\n.scaler-swiper .swiper-slide {\n  height: auto;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: stretch;\n}\n\/* Navigation arrows \u2014 styled to match the topics HorizontalScroll controls *\/\n.scaler-swiper .swiper-button-next,\n.scaler-swiper .swiper-button-prev {\n  width: 46px;\n  height: 46px;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  background: #ffffff;\n  box-shadow: 0 8px 16px 0 rgba(50, 71, 102, 0.16);\n  top: calc(50% - 24px); \/* centre on the cards, ignoring the pagination space below *\/\n  transform: translateY(-50%);\n  margin-top: 0;\n}\n.scaler-swiper .swiper-button-prev { left: 10px; }\n.scaler-swiper .swiper-button-next { right: 10px; }\n\/* hide Swiper's default font-icon arrow and draw the topics chevron via a mask *\/\n.scaler-swiper .swiper-button-next::after,\n.scaler-swiper .swiper-button-prev::after {\n  content: \"\";\n  width: 20px;\n  height: 20px;\n  background-color: #61738e;\n  -webkit-mask: url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath d='M5.313 16l10.688-10.688 10.688 10.688-1.938 1.875-7.438-7.438v16.25h-2.625v-16.25l-7.5 7.438z'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\") no-repeat center \/ contain;\n  mask: url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath d='M5.313 16l10.688-10.688 10.688 10.688-1.938 1.875-7.438-7.438v16.25h-2.625v-16.25l-7.5 7.438z'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\") no-repeat center \/ contain;\n}\n.scaler-swiper .swiper-button-prev::after { transform: rotate(-90deg); }\n.scaler-swiper .swiper-button-next::after { transform: rotate(90deg); }\n.scaler-swiper .swiper-button-disabled {\n  opacity: 0.35;\n  pointer-events: none;\n}\n.scaler-swiper .swiper-pagination-bullet-active {\n  background: #255aad;\n}\n\n\/* Card *\/\n.scaler-card {\n  display: flex;\n  flex-direction: column;\n  gap: 14px;\n  width: 100%;\n  background: #ffffff;\n  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\n  border-radius: 16px;\n  padding: 24px;\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n  transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease;\n}\n.scaler-card:hover {\n  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.10);\n}\n\n\/* NSDC badge *\/\n.scaler-badge {\n  display: inline-flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  align-self: flex-start;\n  background: #f3f4f6;\n  color: #111827;\n  font-size: 12px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  padding: 4px 10px;\n  border-radius: 20px;\n  white-space: nowrap;\n  letter-spacing: 0.1px;\n}\n\n\/* Top: icon + title + description *\/\n.scaler-card-top {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: flex-start;\n  gap: 12px;\n  min-height: 100px;\n}\n.scaler-icon-wrap {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: center;\n  width: 64px;\n  height: 64px;\n  border-radius: 12px;\n  background: #f3f4f6;\n  color: #374151;\n  flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.scaler-icon-wrap svg {\n  width: 26px;\n  height: 26px;\n}\n.scaler-card-top-content {\n  flex: 1;\n  min-width: 0;\n  display: flex;\n  flex-direction: column;\n  gap: 5px;\n}\n.scaler-title {\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  color: #111827;\n  margin: 0;\n  line-height: 1.35;\n}\n.scaler-desc {\n  font-size: 13px;\n  color: #6b7280;\n  margin: 0;\n  line-height: 1.45;\n}\n\n\/* Stats row *\/\n.scaler-stats {\n  display: flex;\n  border-top: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\n  border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\n  padding: 12px 0;\n}\n.scaler-stat {\n  display: flex;\n  flex-direction: column;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: 2px;\n  flex: 1;\n  min-width: 0;\n  text-align: center;\n}\n.scaler-stat:not(:last-child) {\n  border-right: 1px solid #d1d5db;\n}\n.scaler-stat-value {\n  font-size: 14px;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  color: #111827;\n  white-space: nowrap;\n}\n.scaler-stat-label {\n  font-size: 12px;\n  color: #9ca3af;\n}\n\n\/* Company logos *\/\n.scaler-logos {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: 12px;\n  flex-wrap: nowrap;\n}\n.scaler-company-logo {\n  height: 20px !important;\n  width: auto !important;\n  max-width: 70px;\n  object-fit: contain;\n  display: inline-block;\n}\n.scaler-logo-more {\n  font-size: 12px;\n  color: #9ca3af;\n  white-space: nowrap;\n}\n.scaler-logo-strip {\n  display: block;\n  width: 100% !important;\n  max-width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  height: auto !important;\n  object-fit: contain;\n}\n\n\/* CTA *\/\n.scaler-card-btns {\n  margin-top: auto;\n}\n.scaler-card-btns button {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: center;\n  gap: 8px;\n  width: 100%;\n  padding: 12px 16px;\n  border: none;\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  background-color: #255aad;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;\n  font-size: 14px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  text-decoration: none;\n  transition: opacity 0.15s ease;\n}\n.scaler-card-btns button:hover,\n.scaler-card-btns button:focus {\n  opacity: 0.88;\n  color: #ffffff;\n}\n.scaler-card-btns button svg {\n  flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 1000px) {\n  .scaler-carousel { max-width: 96vw; }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div class=\"scaler-carousel\">\n  <div class=\"scaler-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"scaler-header-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"transform-your-career\"><\/span>Transform Your Career<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n    <p class=\"scaler-header-subtitle\">Choose from our industry-leading programs designed for career success<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"swiper scaler-swiper\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n      <!-- CARD 1 -->\n      <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n        <div class=\"scaler-card\">\n          <div class=\"scaler-badge\">NSDC Certified<\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-card-top\">\n            <div class=\"scaler-icon-wrap\">\n              <svg width=\"26\" height=\"26\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"16 18 22 12 16 6\"\/><polyline points=\"8 6 2 12 8 18\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-card-top-content\">\n              <h3 class=\"scaler-title\">Modern Software and AI Engineering Program<\/h3>\n              <p class=\"scaler-desc\">Master full-stack development with AI integration<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-stats\">\n            <div class=\"scaler-stat\"><span class=\"scaler-stat-value\">12 Months<\/span><span class=\"scaler-stat-label\">Duration<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-stat\"><span class=\"scaler-stat-value\">AI-Led<\/span><span class=\"scaler-stat-label\">Curriculum<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-stat\"><span class=\"scaler-stat-value\">Career Support<\/span><span class=\"scaler-stat-label\">Support<\/span><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-logos\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-company-logo\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2f\/Google_2015_logo.svg\" alt=\"Google\" loading=\"lazy\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-company-logo\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a9\/Amazon_logo.svg\" alt=\"Amazon\" loading=\"lazy\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-company-logo\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/42\/Paytm_logo.png\" alt=\"Paytm\" loading=\"lazy\">\n            <span class=\"scaler-logo-more\">+1000 more<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-card-btns\">\n            <button onclick=\"window.open('https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/academy\/', '_blank')\">\n              Go to Program\n              <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8H13M13 8L9 4M13 8L9 12\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/button>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- CARD 2 -->\n      <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n        <div class=\"scaler-card\">\n          <div class=\"scaler-badge\">NSDC Certified<\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-card-top\">\n            <div class=\"scaler-icon-wrap\">\n              <svg width=\"26\" height=\"26\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><ellipse cx=\"12\" cy=\"5\" rx=\"9\" ry=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M3 5v14c0 1.66 4.03 3 9 3s9-1.34 9-3V5\"\/><path d=\"M3 12c0 1.66 4.03 3 9 3s9-1.34 9-3\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-card-top-content\">\n              <h3 class=\"scaler-title\">Modern Data Science and ML with specialisation in AI<\/h3>\n              <p class=\"scaler-desc\">Advanced data science techniques with AI specialization<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-stats\">\n            <div class=\"scaler-stat\"><span class=\"scaler-stat-value\">12 Months<\/span><span class=\"scaler-stat-label\">Duration<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-stat\"><span class=\"scaler-stat-value\">AI-Led<\/span><span class=\"scaler-stat-label\">Curriculum<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-stat\"><span class=\"scaler-stat-value\">Career Support<\/span><span class=\"scaler-stat-label\">Support<\/span><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-logos\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-company-logo\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2f\/Google_2015_logo.svg\" alt=\"Google\" loading=\"lazy\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-company-logo\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a9\/Amazon_logo.svg\" alt=\"Amazon\" loading=\"lazy\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-company-logo\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/42\/Paytm_logo.png\" alt=\"Paytm\" loading=\"lazy\">\n            <span class=\"scaler-logo-more\">+1000 more<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-card-btns\">\n            <button onclick=\"window.open('https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/data-science-course\/', '_blank')\">\n              Go to Program\n              <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8H13M13 8L9 4M13 8L9 12\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/button>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- CARD 3 -->\n      <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n        <div class=\"scaler-card\">\n          <div class=\"scaler-badge\">NSDC Certified<\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-card-top\">\n            <div class=\"scaler-icon-wrap\">\n              <svg width=\"26\" height=\"26\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 2L13.5 8.5L20 10L13.5 11.5L12 18L10.5 11.5L4 10L10.5 8.5L12 2Z\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-card-top-content\">\n              <h3 class=\"scaler-title\">Advanced AIML with Specialisation in Agentic AI<\/h3>\n              <p class=\"scaler-desc\">Deep dive into AIML with focus on Agentic systems<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-stats\">\n            <div class=\"scaler-stat\"><span class=\"scaler-stat-value\">12 Months<\/span><span class=\"scaler-stat-label\">Duration<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-stat\"><span class=\"scaler-stat-value\">AI-Led<\/span><span class=\"scaler-stat-label\">Curriculum<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-stat\"><span class=\"scaler-stat-value\">Career Support<\/span><span class=\"scaler-stat-label\">Support<\/span><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-logos\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-company-logo\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2f\/Google_2015_logo.svg\" alt=\"Google\" loading=\"lazy\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-company-logo\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a9\/Amazon_logo.svg\" alt=\"Amazon\" loading=\"lazy\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-company-logo\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/42\/Paytm_logo.png\" alt=\"Paytm\" loading=\"lazy\">\n            <span class=\"scaler-logo-more\">+1000 more<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-card-btns\">\n            <button onclick=\"window.open('https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/ai-machine-learning-course\/', '_blank')\">\n              Go to Program\n              <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8H13M13 8L9 4M13 8L9 12\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/button>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- CARD 4 -->\n      <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n        <div class=\"scaler-card\">\n          <div class=\"scaler-badge\">NSDC Certified<\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-card-top\">\n            <div class=\"scaler-icon-wrap\">\n              <svg width=\"26\" height=\"26\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\">\n                <path d=\"M17.5 19H9a7 7 0 1 1 6.71-9h1.79a4.5 4.5 0 1 1 0 9Z\" \/>\n                <path d=\"M9.2 15.2a3 3 0 1 0 4.24-4.24\" \/>\n              <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-card-top-content\">\n              <h3 class=\"scaler-title\">DevOps, Cloud &#038; AI Platform Engineering<\/h3>\n              <p class=\"scaler-desc\">Build and manage AI-powered cloud infrastructure<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-stats\">\n            <div class=\"scaler-stat\"><span class=\"scaler-stat-value\">12 Months<\/span><span class=\"scaler-stat-label\">Duration<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-stat\"><span class=\"scaler-stat-value\">AI-Led<\/span><span class=\"scaler-stat-label\">Curriculum<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-stat\"><span class=\"scaler-stat-value\">Career Support<\/span><span class=\"scaler-stat-label\">Support<\/span><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-logos\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-company-logo\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2f\/Google_2015_logo.svg\" alt=\"Google\" loading=\"lazy\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-company-logo\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a9\/Amazon_logo.svg\" alt=\"Amazon\" loading=\"lazy\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-company-logo\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/42\/Paytm_logo.png\" alt=\"Paytm\" loading=\"lazy\">\n            <span class=\"scaler-logo-more\">+1000 more<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-card-btns\">\n            <button onclick=\"window.open('https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/devops-course\/', '_blank')\">\n              Go to Program\n              <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8H13M13 8L9 4M13 8L9 12\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/button>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- CARD 5 -->\n      <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n        <div class=\"scaler-card\">\n          <div class=\"scaler-badge\">NSDC Certified<\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-card-top\">\n            <div class=\"scaler-icon-wrap\">\n              <svg width=\"26\" height=\"26\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\">\n                <line x1=\"3\" y1=\"22\" x2=\"21\" y2=\"22\" \/>\n                <line x1=\"6\" y1=\"18\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"11\" \/>\n                <line x1=\"10\" y1=\"18\" x2=\"10\" y2=\"11\" \/>\n                <line x1=\"14\" y1=\"18\" x2=\"14\" y2=\"11\" \/>\n                <line x1=\"18\" y1=\"18\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/>\n                <polygon points=\"12 2 20 7 4 7\" \/>\n              <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-card-top-content\">\n              <h3 class=\"scaler-title\">AI Engineering Advanced Certification by IIT-Roorkee<\/h3>\n              <p class=\"scaler-desc\">Premier AI engineering certification from IIT-Roorkee<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-stats\">\n            <div class=\"scaler-stat\"><span class=\"scaler-stat-value\">3 Months<\/span><span class=\"scaler-stat-label\">Duration<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-stat\"><span class=\"scaler-stat-value\">AI-Led<\/span><span class=\"scaler-stat-label\">Curriculum<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-stat\"><span class=\"scaler-stat-value\">Career Support<\/span><span class=\"scaler-stat-label\">Support<\/span><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-logos\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-logo-strip\" src=\"https:\/\/scaler-blog-prod-wp-content.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/08135139\/iitr-icons-strip.png\" alt=\"Program highlights\" loading=\"lazy\">\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-card-btns\">\n            <button onclick=\"window.open('https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/iit-roorkee-advanced-ai-engineering-course\/', '_blank')\">\n              Go to Program\n              <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8H13M13 8L9 4M13 8L9 12\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/button>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- Continue for remaining cards (6\u20138) using same pattern -->\n\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-next\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Swiper.js -->\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/swiper@11\/swiper-bundle.min.js\"><\/script>\n<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function () {\n  const pathParts = window.location.pathname.split(\"\/\").filter(Boolean);\n  const slug = pathParts[pathParts.length - 1] || \"\";\n  const readableSlug = encodeURIComponent(slug);\n  const buttons = document.querySelectorAll(\".scaler-card-btns button\");\n\n  buttons.forEach((btn) => {\n    const baseURL = btn.getAttribute(\"onclick\").match(\/'(.*?)'\/)[1];\n    if (!baseURL.includes(\"utm_source=\")) {\n      const separator = baseURL.includes(\"?\") ? \"&\" : \"?\";\n      const updatedURL = `${baseURL}${separator}utm_source=blog&utm_medium=program_carousel&utm_content=${readableSlug}`;\n      btn.setAttribute(\"onclick\", `window.open('${updatedURL}', '_blank')`);\n    }\n  });\n\n  new Swiper(\".scaler-swiper\", {\n    slidesPerView: 1,\n    spaceBetween: 28,\n    grabCursor: true,\n    navigation: { nextEl: \".swiper-button-next\", prevEl: \".swiper-button-prev\" },\n    pagination: { el: \".swiper-pagination\", dynamicBullets: true, clickable: true },\n    breakpoints: { 1000: { slidesPerView: 2 } },\n    keyboard: { enabled: true },\n  });\n});\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tier-1-rest-foundations\"><\/span><strong>Tier 1: REST Foundations<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you&#8217;re looking for Spring Boot projects for beginners, these are the ones to start with. The applications are small enough to understand without getting buried in infrastructure, but each one gives you a little more to handle than the previous one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Employee Management System<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you\u2019re just beginning and need a simpler project, then you can start with an employee management system. You can keep the first version focused on the basics: creating, updating, searching, and deleting employee records, with the data stored in a relational database.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the initial setup, you can use:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Spring Web for the REST API<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spring Data JPA for persistence<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MySQL or PostgreSQL for the database<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maven for dependency and build management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As you put the API together, you can keep the controller, service, and repository layers separate. The controller can handle the HTTP request, the service can deal with the application logic, and the repository can handle database operations through JPA. This will also give you a cleaner place to add rules later, such as checking whether an employee exists before updating or deleting a record.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can also pay attention to how the API responds to different situations. Required fields should be validated, employee IDs should be unique, and a request for an employee that does not exist should return an appropriate HTTP response. If the employee list gets large, you can add pagination rather than returning every record in one response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once the basic version is working, you can make the data model more useful by adding departments. A separate Department entity gives you a reason to work with JPA relationships and lets you explore how related employee and department data should be stored and returned through the API.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Reference Tutorial:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/topics\/spring-boot\/employee-management-system-service-layer\/\"><strong>Employee Management System Service Layer<\/strong><\/a><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. To-Do API with Validation and Error Handling<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alright, so the To-do API as a spring boot project is very simple to make, but you can add certain elements to make it interesting by adding a system that can handle if the request is incorrect. A task might need a title, a due date might need to follow a particular format, or someone might try to update a task that does not exist. These cases give you a reason to work with validation and exception handling instead of only testing the successful API flow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can use Spring Web for the REST endpoints and Jakarta Validation for rules such as required fields, valid formats, or length limits. Annotations such as @NotBlank, @Size, and @Future can help keep these checks close to the data they apply to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the error responses, you can use @ControllerAdvice with @ExceptionHandler to handle exceptions across the application. Rather than returning a different response format from every controller, you can keep errors consistent with details such as the status, message, and field that caused the validation failure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can also include cases such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A blank or incorrectly formatted task title<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A due date that is not valid for the application<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An update request for a task that does not exist<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A request with an invalid task ID<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Validation errors involving more than one field<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once these cases are covered, the API becomes much easier to use because the client gets a clear response when something goes wrong, instead of having to figure out what happened from a generic error.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Check out:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/spring.io\/guides\/gs\/validating-form-input\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Validating Form Input<\/strong><\/a><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n\n    <!-- Source Sans Pro (topics font) -->\n    <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Source+Sans+3:wght@400;600;700&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n    <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/swiper@11\/swiper-bundle.min.css\">\n    <script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/swiper@11\/swiper-bundle.min.js\"><\/script>\n\n    <style>\n      :root {\n        \/* topics design tokens (variables.scss) *\/\n        --scaler-primary: #005bb3;          \/* primary-color-80 *\/\n        --scaler-primary-30: #8acaff;       \/* primary-color-30 *\/\n        --scaler-brand-blue: #255aad;\n        --scaler-live: #ee001d;             \/* accent-v5-60 *\/\n        --scaler-live-bg: #ffe6e9;          \/* accent-v5-10 *\/\n        --scaler-card-bg: #ffffff;          \/* neutral-scale-0 *\/\n        --scaler-surface: #f4f6f9;          \/* neutral-scale-2 *\/\n        --scaler-text-primary: #1a2c47;     \/* neutral-scale-12 *\/\n        --scaler-text-secondary: #61738e;   \/* neutral-scale-9 *\/\n        --scaler-border: #d6dee5;           \/* neutral-scale-4 *\/\n        --scaler-radius: 16px;\n        --scaler-radius-sm: 8px;\n        --scaler-shadow: 0 8px 16px 0 rgba(50, 71, 102, 0.16);\n      }\n\n      .scaler-events-carousel * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n      .scaler-events-carousel {\n        font-family: \"Source Sans 3\", \"Source Sans Pro\", \"Roboto\", Arial, sans-serif;\n        padding: 24px;\n        position: relative;\n        width: 100%;\n      }\n      .scaler-events-carousel__inner {\n        max-width: 1000px;\n        margin: 0 auto;\n        position: relative;\n        width: 100%;\n      }\n\n      \/* Header \u2014 calendar icon + \"Live Masterclasses\" *\/\n      .scaler-events-header {\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        gap: 8px;\n        margin-bottom: 8px;\n        padding: 8px 0;\n      }\n      .scaler-events-header__icon { display: inline-flex; color: var(--scaler-text-primary); }\n      .scaler-events-header__icon svg { width: 24px; height: 24px; }\n      .scaler-events-header__title {\n        font-size: 18px;\n        font-weight: 700;\n        color: var(--scaler-text-primary);\n        line-height: 1.3;\n        margin: 0;\n      }\n\n      \/* Swiper wrap (holds side arrows) *\/\n      .scaler-events-swiper-wrap { position: relative; }\n      .scaler-events-carousel .swiper { width: 100%; padding: 4px; }\n      .scaler-event-swiper .swiper-slide {\n        width: 296px;          \/* topics card_container width *\/\n        height: auto;\n        display: flex;\n      }\n\n      \/* Event Card \u2014 matches topics EventCard *\/\n      .scaler-event-card {\n        background: var(--scaler-card-bg);\n        border: 1px solid var(--scaler-border);\n        border-radius: var(--scaler-radius);\n        padding: 16px;\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        height: 100%;\n        width: 100%;\n        cursor: pointer;\n      }\n\n      \/* Header row: headshot + title\/name *\/\n      .scaler-event-card__header { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; }\n      .scaler-event-card__image-wrapper {\n        position: relative;\n        width: 88px;\n        height: 88px;\n        min-width: 88px;\n        border-radius: var(--scaler-radius-sm);\n        overflow: hidden;\n        background: var(--scaler-primary-30);\n      }\n      .scaler-event-card__image {\n        position: absolute;\n        top: 0; left: 0;\n        width: 100%; height: 100%;\n        object-fit: cover;\n      }\n      \/* attendee-count footer (default) *\/\n      .scaler-event-card__img-footer {\n        position: absolute;\n        left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        justify-content: center;\n        gap: 4px;\n        padding: 1px 8px;\n        background: var(--scaler-surface);\n        color: var(--scaler-text-primary);\n        font-size: 13px;\n        line-height: 22px;\n      }\n      .scaler-event-card__img-footer svg { width: 14px; height: 14px; }\n      \/* live chip (shown when status === current) *\/\n      .scaler-event-card__live-badge {\n        position: absolute;\n        left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        justify-content: center;\n        gap: 5px;\n        padding: 1px 8px;\n        background: var(--scaler-live-bg);\n        color: var(--scaler-live);\n        font-size: 12px;\n        line-height: 22px;\n        text-transform: uppercase;\n        letter-spacing: 0.18em;\n      }\n      .scaler-event-card__live-badge::before {\n        content: \"\";\n        width: 6px; height: 6px;\n        background: var(--scaler-live);\n        border-radius: 50%;\n      }\n      .scaler-event-card__text { margin-left: 16px; min-width: 0; }\n      .scaler-event-card__title {\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        color: var(--scaler-text-primary);\n        margin: 0;\n        line-height: 1.4;\n        display: -webkit-box;\n        -webkit-line-clamp: 2;\n        -webkit-box-orient: vertical;\n        overflow: hidden;\n      }\n      .scaler-event-card__speaker {\n        margin-top: 8px;\n        font-size: 14px;\n        line-height: 1.4;\n        color: var(--scaler-text-primary);\n      }\n\n      \/* Takeaways *\/\n      .scaler-event-card__takeaways {\n        margin-top: 12px;\n        min-height: 50px;\n        max-height: 50px;\n        overflow: hidden;\n      }\n      .scaler-event-card__takeaway-item {\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: flex-start;\n        gap: 6px;\n      }\n      .scaler-event-card__dot {\n        width: 4px; height: 4px;\n        min-width: 4px;\n        border-radius: 50%;\n        background: var(--scaler-text-secondary);\n        margin-top: 11px;\n      }\n      .scaler-event-card__takeaway-text {\n        flex: 1;\n        min-width: 0;\n        font-size: 14px;\n        line-height: 24px;\n        color: var(--scaler-text-primary);\n        white-space: nowrap;\n        overflow: hidden;\n        text-overflow: ellipsis;\n      }\n      .scaler-event-card__knowmore,\n      .scaler-event-card__knowmore:link,\n      .scaler-event-card__knowmore:visited {\n        flex-shrink: 0;\n        font-size: 14px;\n        line-height: 24px;\n        color: var(--scaler-primary) !important;\n        text-decoration: none;\n        white-space: nowrap;\n      }\n      .scaler-event-card__knowmore:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\n\n      \/* Date + duration *\/\n      .scaler-event-card__meta {\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        justify-content: space-between;\n        margin-top: 20px;\n        font-size: 13px;\n        line-height: 24px;\n        color: var(--scaler-text-primary);\n      }\n      .scaler-event-card__duration {\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        gap: 4px;\n      }\n      .scaler-event-card__duration svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; }\n\n      .scaler-event-card__spacer { flex-grow: 1; min-height: 4px; }\n\n      \/* CTA \u2014 outlined \"Register with 1-Click\" *\/\n      .scaler-event-card__cta,\n      .scaler-event-card__cta:link,\n      .scaler-event-card__cta:visited {\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        justify-content: center;\n        width: 100%;\n        margin-top: 16px;\n        padding: 8px;\n        background: transparent;\n        color: var(--scaler-primary) !important;\n        font-family: inherit;\n        font-size: 14px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        line-height: 24px;\n        text-decoration: none;\n        border: 1px solid var(--scaler-primary);\n        border-radius: var(--scaler-radius-sm);\n        cursor: pointer;\n        transition: background 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;\n      }\n      .scaler-event-card__cta:hover,\n      .scaler-event-card__cta:focus {\n        background: var(--scaler-primary);\n        color: #fff !important;\n      }\n\n      \/* Side navigation arrows *\/\n      .scaler-events-nav__btn {\n        position: absolute !important;\n        top: 50% !important;\n        transform: translateY(-50%) !important;\n        z-index: 2;\n        width: 46px !important;\n        height: 46px !important;\n        min-width: 46px;\n        display: flex !important;\n        align-items: center;\n        justify-content: center;\n        padding: 0 !important;\n        background: var(--scaler-card-bg) !important;\n        border: none !important;\n        border-radius: var(--scaler-radius-sm) !important;\n        box-shadow: var(--scaler-shadow) !important;\n        color: var(--scaler-text-secondary) !important;\n        cursor: pointer;\n        transition: opacity 0.2s ease, visibility 0.2s ease;\n      }\n      .scaler-nav-prev { left: 8px !important; }\n      .scaler-nav-next { right: 8px !important; }\n      .scaler-events-nav__btn svg {\n        width: 20px !important;\n        height: 20px !important;\n        fill: var(--scaler-text-secondary) !important;\n      }\n      .scaler-events-nav__btn.swiper-button-disabled {\n        opacity: 0;\n        visibility: hidden;\n        pointer-events: none;\n      }\n\n      \/* View All Events *\/\n      .scaler-events-viewall,\n      .scaler-events-viewall:link,\n      .scaler-events-viewall:visited {\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        justify-content: center;\n        gap: 6px;\n        margin-top: 12px;\n        font-size: 14px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        color: var(--scaler-brand-blue) !important;\n        text-decoration: none;\n      }\n      .scaler-events-viewall:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\n      .scaler-events-viewall svg { width: 16px; height: 16px; fill: var(--scaler-brand-blue); }\n\n      \/* hide swiper defaults *\/\n      .scaler-events-pagination { display: none; }\n      .scaler-events-carousel .swiper-button-prev,\n      .scaler-events-carousel .swiper-button-next { display: none; }\n\n      \/* Skeleton & Empty States *\/\n      .scaler-event-card--skeleton { pointer-events: none; }\n      .scaler-event-card--skeleton .scaler-event-card__image-wrapper,\n      .scaler-event-card--skeleton .scaler-event-card__title,\n      .scaler-event-card--skeleton .scaler-event-card__speaker,\n      .scaler-event-card--skeleton .scaler-event-card__takeaways,\n      .scaler-event-card--skeleton .scaler-event-card__meta,\n      .scaler-event-card--skeleton .scaler-event-card__cta {\n        background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--scaler-border) 25%, var(--scaler-surface) 50%, var(--scaler-border) 75%);\n        background-size: 200% 100%;\n        animation: shimmer 1.5s infinite;\n        color: transparent !important;\n        border-color: transparent !important;\n        border-radius: 4px;\n      }\n      .scaler-event-card--skeleton .scaler-event-card__title { min-height: 44px; }\n      .scaler-event-card--skeleton .scaler-event-card__speaker { min-height: 16px; }\n      .scaler-event-card--skeleton .scaler-event-card__meta { min-height: 24px; }\n      .scaler-event-card--skeleton .scaler-event-card__cta { min-height: 40px; }\n      .scaler-event-card--skeleton .scaler-event-card__image,\n      .scaler-event-card--skeleton .scaler-event-card__img-footer,\n      .scaler-event-card--skeleton .scaler-event-card__live-badge { display: none; }\n\n      @keyframes shimmer {\n        0% { background-position: 200% 0; }\n        100% { background-position: -200% 0; }\n      }\n\n      .scaler-events-empty {\n        text-align: center;\n        padding: 40px 20px;\n        color: var(--scaler-text-secondary);\n        font-size: 15px;\n      }\n\n      @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .scaler-events-carousel { padding: 16px; }\n        .scaler-event-swiper .swiper-slide { width: calc(100vw - 52px); }\n        .scaler-events-nav__btn { display: none; }\n      }\n    <\/style>\n\n\n\n    <div class=\"scaler-events-carousel js-scaler-carousel\">\n\n      <template class=\"js-event-card-template\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <article class=\"scaler-event-card\">\n            <div class=\"scaler-event-card__header\">\n              <div class=\"scaler-event-card__image-wrapper\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" alt=\"\" class=\"scaler-event-card__image\" loading=\"lazy\">\n                <div class=\"scaler-event-card__img-footer\">\n                  <svg fill=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M11.199 7.957c-3.086 0-5.588 2.502-5.588 5.588s2.502 5.588 5.588 5.588c3.086 0 5.588-2.502 5.588-5.588s-2.502-5.588-5.588-5.588zM3.611 13.545c0-4.191 3.397-7.588 7.588-7.588s7.588 3.397 7.588 7.588c0 4.191-3.397 7.588-7.588 7.588s-7.588-3.397-7.588-7.588z\"\/><path d=\"M21.090 6.369h0.003c1.989 0 3.897 0.79 5.303 2.197s2.197 3.314 2.197 5.303-0.79 3.897-2.197 5.303c-1.406 1.407-3.314 2.197-5.303 2.197-0.552 0-1-0.448-1-1s0.448-1 1-1c1.459 0 2.858-0.579 3.889-1.611s1.611-2.43 1.611-3.889c0-1.459-0.58-2.858-1.611-3.889s-2.429-1.611-3.888-1.611c-0.507 0.002-1.013 0.070-1.502 0.203-0.533 0.145-1.082-0.17-1.227-0.703s0.17-1.082 0.703-1.227c0.659-0.179 1.339-0.27 2.021-0.272z\"\/><path d=\"M10.906 21.364c-1.605 0-3.186 0.386-4.61 1.126s-2.649 1.811-3.572 3.124c-0.318 0.452-0.941 0.561-1.393 0.243s-0.561-0.941-0.243-1.393c1.107-1.576 2.577-2.862 4.286-3.749s3.606-1.351 5.532-1.351 3.823 0.463 5.532 1.351c1.709 0.888 3.179 2.174 4.286 3.749 0.318 0.452 0.209 1.076-0.243 1.393s-1.076 0.209-1.393-0.243c-0.923-1.313-2.148-2.385-3.572-3.124s-3.005-1.126-4.61-1.126z\"\/><\/svg>\n                  <span class=\"js-event-count\"><\/span>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"scaler-event-card__live-badge\" style=\"display: none;\">Live<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"scaler-event-card__text\">\n                <h3 class=\"scaler-event-card__title\"><\/h3>\n                <div class=\"scaler-event-card__speaker js-event-speaker\"><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"scaler-event-card__takeaways js-event-takeaways\"><\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"scaler-event-card__spacer\"><\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"scaler-event-card__meta\">\n              <span class=\"js-event-date\"><\/span>\n              <span class=\"scaler-event-card__duration\">\n                <svg fill=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M16 6.333c6.443 0 11.667 5.223 11.667 11.667s-5.223 11.667-11.667 11.667c-6.443 0-11.667-5.223-11.667-11.667v0c0.008-6.44 5.226-11.659 11.666-11.667h0.001zM16 28.333c5.707 0 10.333-4.626 10.333-10.333s-4.626-10.333-10.333-10.333c-5.707 0-10.333 4.626-10.333 10.333v0c0.007 5.704 4.629 10.326 10.333 10.333h0.001z\"\/><path d=\"M16 18.667c-0 0-0.001 0-0.001 0-0.184 0-0.35-0.074-0.471-0.195v0c-0.121-0.121-0.195-0.287-0.195-0.471s0.075-0.351 0.195-0.471l4.951-4.952c0.121-0.121 0.287-0.195 0.471-0.195s0.351 0.075 0.471 0.195v0c0.121 0.121 0.195 0.287 0.195 0.471s-0.075 0.351-0.195 0.471l-4.949 4.951c-0.121 0.121-0.288 0.196-0.472 0.196v0z\"\/><path d=\"M19 3.667h-6c-0.368 0-0.667-0.298-0.667-0.667v0c0-0.368 0.298-0.667 0.667-0.667v0h6c0.368 0 0.667 0.298 0.667 0.667v0c0 0.368-0.298 0.667-0.667 0.667v0z\"\/><\/svg>\n                <span class=\"js-event-duration\"><\/span>\n              <\/span>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <a href=\"#\" class=\"scaler-event-card__cta js-event-cta\">Register with 1-Click<\/a>\n          <\/article>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/template>\n\n      <div class=\"scaler-events-carousel__inner\">\n        <header class=\"scaler-events-header\">\n          <span class=\"scaler-events-header__icon\">\n            <svg fill=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 33 32\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M6.406 6.8c-0.11 0-0.2 0.090-0.2 0.2v20c0 0.11 0.090 0.2 0.2 0.2h20c0.11 0 0.2-0.090 0.2-0.2v-20c0-0.11-0.090-0.2-0.2-0.2h-20zM4.606 7c0-0.994 0.806-1.8 1.8-1.8h20c0.994 0 1.8 0.806 1.8 1.8v20c0 0.994-0.806 1.8-1.8 1.8h-20c-0.994 0-1.8-0.806-1.8-1.8v-20z\"\/><path d=\"M22.406 3.2c0.442 0 0.8 0.358 0.8 0.8v4c0 0.442-0.358 0.8-0.8 0.8s-0.8-0.358-0.8-0.8v-4c0-0.442 0.358-0.8 0.8-0.8z\"\/><path d=\"M10.406 3.2c0.442 0 0.8 0.358 0.8 0.8v4c0 0.442-0.358 0.8-0.8 0.8s-0.8-0.358-0.8-0.8v-4c0-0.442 0.358-0.8 0.8-0.8z\"\/><path d=\"M4.606 12c0-0.442 0.358-0.8 0.8-0.8h22c0.442 0 0.8 0.358 0.8 0.8s-0.358 0.8-0.8 0.8h-22c-0.442 0-0.8-0.358-0.8-0.8z\"\/><path d=\"M21.488 16.451c0.303 0.322 0.288 0.828-0.034 1.131l-5.838 5.5c-0.309 0.291-0.791 0.29-1.099-0.002l-3.162-3c-0.321-0.304-0.334-0.81-0.030-1.131s0.81-0.334 1.131-0.030l2.614 2.48 5.287-4.981c0.322-0.303 0.828-0.288 1.131 0.034z\"\/><\/svg>\n          <\/span>\n          <h2 class=\"scaler-events-header__title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"live-masterclasses\"><\/span>Live Masterclasses<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n        <\/header>\n\n        <div class=\"scaler-events-swiper-wrap\">\n          <div class=\"swiper scaler-event-swiper\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-wrapper scaler-events-wrapper\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination scaler-events-pagination\"><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <button class=\"scaler-events-nav__btn scaler-nav-prev\" aria-label=\"Previous slide\">\n            <svg fill=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"transform: rotate(-90deg);\"><path d=\"M5.313 16l10.688-10.688 10.688 10.688-1.938 1.875-7.438-7.438v16.25h-2.625v-16.25l-7.5 7.438z\"\/><\/svg>\n          <\/button>\n          <button class=\"scaler-events-nav__btn scaler-nav-next\" aria-label=\"Next slide\">\n            <svg fill=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"transform: rotate(90deg);\"><path d=\"M5.313 16l10.688-10.688 10.688 10.688-1.938 1.875-7.438-7.438v16.25h-2.625v-16.25l-7.5 7.438z\"\/><\/svg>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <a class=\"scaler-events-viewall\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/events\/\">\n          <span>View All Events<\/span>\n          <svg fill=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"transform: rotate(90deg);\"><path d=\"M5.313 16l10.688-10.688 10.688 10.688-1.938 1.875-7.438-7.438v16.25h-2.625v-16.25l-7.5 7.438z\"\/><\/svg>\n        <\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <script>\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", () => {\n\n      const monthNames = [\"January\",\"February\",\"March\",\"April\",\"May\",\"June\",\"July\",\"August\",\"September\",\"October\",\"November\",\"December\"];\n\n      function formatTime(st) {\n        const t = new Date(st);\n        const date = t.getDate();\n        const month = monthNames[t.getMonth()];\n        const year = t.getFullYear();\n        const h = t.getHours();\n        const m = String(t.getMinutes()).padStart(2, \"0\");\n        let time;\n        if (h === 0) time = `12:${m} AM`;\n        else if (h === 12) time = `12:${m} PM`;\n        else if (h > 12) time = `${h - 12}:${m} PM`;\n        else time = `${h}:${m} AM`;\n        return `${date} ${month} ${year} | ${time}`;\n      }\n\n      const carouselInstances = document.querySelectorAll('.js-scaler-carousel');\n\n      carouselInstances.forEach(container => {\n\n          if(container.dataset.initialized === \"true\") return;\n          container.dataset.initialized = \"true\";\n\n          const swiperElement = container.querySelector(\".scaler-event-swiper\");\n          const swiperWrapper = container.querySelector(\".scaler-events-wrapper\");\n          const template = container.querySelector(\".js-event-card-template\");\n          const nextBtn = container.querySelector(\".scaler-nav-next\");\n          const prevBtn = container.querySelector(\".scaler-nav-prev\");\n          const paginationEl = container.querySelector(\".scaler-events-pagination\");\n\n          if (!swiperWrapper || !template) {\n             console.error(\"Scaler Carousel: Missing required elements inside container\");\n             return;\n          }\n\n          const swiper = new Swiper(swiperElement, {\n            slidesPerView: \"auto\",\n            spaceBetween: 16,\n            grabCursor: true,\n            observer: true,\n            observeParents: true,\n            pagination: {\n                el: paginationEl,\n                clickable: true,\n                dynamicBullets: true\n            },\n            navigation: {\n                nextEl: nextBtn,\n                prevEl: prevBtn\n            },\n          });\n\n          function showSkeletons(count = 4) {\n            swiperWrapper.innerHTML = \"\";\n            for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n              const clone = template.content.cloneNode(true);\n              const card = clone.querySelector(\".scaler-event-card\");\n              card.classList.add(\"scaler-event-card--skeleton\");\n              swiperWrapper.appendChild(clone);\n            }\n            swiper.update();\n          }\n\n          function renderEvents(events) {\n            swiperWrapper.innerHTML = \"\";\n\n            if (events.length === 0) {\n              swiperWrapper.innerHTML = `<div class=\"scaler-events-empty\">No upcoming masterclasses found.<\/div>`;\n              return;\n            }\n\n            const pathParts = location.pathname.split(\"\/\").filter(Boolean);\n            const currentSlug = pathParts.length > 0 ? pathParts[pathParts.length - 1] : \"homepage\";\n\n            events.forEach(event => {\n              const attr = event.attributes;\n              const cd = attr.custom_data || {};\n              const clone = template.content.cloneNode(true);\n              const joinUrl = `\/event\/${attr.slug}\/?utm_source=blog&utm_medium=master_class&utm_content=${currentSlug}`;\n\n              \/\/ Instructor headshot\n              const instructor = (cd.instructors && cd.instructors[0]) || {};\n              const img = clone.querySelector(\".scaler-event-card__image\");\n              img.src = instructor.media_url || attr.image_url ||\n                \"https:\/\/images.unsplash.com\/photo-1531891437562-4301cf35b7e4?w=200&h=200&fit=crop\";\n              img.alt = instructor.name || attr.instructor_name || attr.title;\n\n              \/\/ Title + speaker\n              clone.querySelector(\".scaler-event-card__title\").textContent = attr.title;\n              clone.querySelector(\".js-event-speaker\").textContent = instructor.name || attr.instructor_name || \"\";\n\n              \/\/ Live chip vs attendee count\n              const isLive = attr.status === \"current\";\n              const footer = clone.querySelector(\".scaler-event-card__img-footer\");\n              const liveBadge = clone.querySelector(\".scaler-event-card__live-badge\");\n              if (isLive) {\n                footer.style.display = \"none\";\n                liveBadge.style.display = \"flex\";\n                liveBadge.textContent = \"Live\";\n              } else if (attr.registration_count) {\n                clone.querySelector(\".js-event-count\").textContent = attr.registration_count;\n              } else {\n                footer.style.display = \"none\";\n              }\n\n              \/\/ Takeaways (up to 2, Know More on the last)\n              const takeaways = (cd.takeaways || []).slice(0, 2);\n              const listEl = clone.querySelector(\".js-event-takeaways\");\n              listEl.innerHTML = \"\";\n              takeaways.forEach((t, idx) => {\n                const item = document.createElement(\"div\");\n                item.className = \"scaler-event-card__takeaway-item\";\n                const dot = document.createElement(\"span\");\n                dot.className = \"scaler-event-card__dot\";\n                const txt = document.createElement(\"span\");\n                txt.className = \"scaler-event-card__takeaway-text\";\n                txt.textContent = t;\n                item.appendChild(dot);\n                item.appendChild(txt);\n                if (idx === takeaways.length - 1) {\n                  const km = document.createElement(\"a\");\n                  km.className = \"scaler-event-card__knowmore\";\n                  km.textContent = \"Know More\";\n                  km.href = joinUrl;\n                  item.appendChild(km);\n                }\n                listEl.appendChild(item);\n              });\n\n              \/\/ Date + duration\n              clone.querySelector(\".js-event-date\").textContent = formatTime(attr.start_time);\n              let hrs = \"\";\n              if (attr.duration) {\n                hrs = (attr.duration \/ 60).toFixed(2);\n              } else if (attr.end_time) {\n                hrs = (Math.abs(new Date(attr.start_time) - new Date(attr.end_time)) \/ 3600000).toFixed(2);\n              }\n              clone.querySelector(\".js-event-duration\").textContent = hrs ? `${hrs} Hrs` : \"\";\n\n              \/\/ CTA\n              clone.querySelector(\".js-event-cta\").href = joinUrl;\n\n              swiperWrapper.appendChild(clone);\n            });\n\n            swiper.update();\n            swiper.slideTo(0);\n          }\n\n          async function fetchEvents() {\n            try {\n              showSkeletons();\n              const res = await fetch(\n                \"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/api\/v4\/events?event_type[]=company&distributor=scaler&type=upcoming&serializer_mode=L2&limit=8&program[]=software_development&program[]=data_science&program[]=devops&program[]=ai_ml\"\n              );\n              const json = await res.json();\n              const events = json.data || [];\n              renderEvents(events);\n            } catch (error) {\n              console.error(\"Failed to load events:\", error);\n              if(swiperWrapper) swiperWrapper.innerHTML = `<div class=\"scaler-events-empty\">Failed to load events.<\/div>`;\n            }\n          }\n\n          fetchEvents();\n      });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Library Management System<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this project, you can take the basic employee-style setup a step further. Start with four main entities: Book, Author, Member, and BorrowingRecord. Spring Data JPA can then handle the relationships between them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can structure the basic model like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Author -> Book:<\/strong> one author can have many books &#8211; @OneToMany \/ @ManyToOne<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Member -> BorrowingRecord:<\/strong> one member can have many borrowing records &#8211; @OneToMany \/ @ManyToOne<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Book -> BorrowingRecord:<\/strong> one book can appear in many borrowing records over time &#8211; @OneToMany \/ @ManyToOne<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Keeping BorrowingRecord as a separate entity is useful because the borrowing itself has information to store, such as the borrowing date, due date, return date, and status.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the borrowing flow, put the application rules in the service layer. Before creating a borrowing record, you can check whether a copy is available and whether the member is allowed to borrow another book. On return, update the borrowing record and the available-copy count.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The API responses need some thought as well. You can use DTOs such as BookResponse or BorrowingResponse to return only the information an endpoint needs. A book listing, for example, might include the book ID, title, author name, and available copies without returning every borrowing record connected to that book.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once the basic flow works, you can add features such as borrowing limits, overdue books, due-date reminders, or a search by book title and author. This gives you more database queries and business rules to work with without changing the core project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Check out:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/spring.io\/guides\/tutorials\/rest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Building REST services with Spring<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. Blogging Platform<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A basic blogging platform can have users, posts, comments, and categories, with each piece connected through the database. A user can create several posts, a post can belong to a category, and comments can be linked to both the post and the user who wrote them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can start with Spring Web, Spring Data JPA, a relational database, and Spring Security. The REST API can handle operations such as creating and editing posts, viewing posts, adding comments, and managing categories. JPA can take care of the relationships, while the service layer can hold rules such as allowing only the author of a post to edit it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And don\u2019t forget to plan authentication early on. You can require users to log in before creating posts or comments and then use roles if the application has separate permissions for regular users and administrators. For example, an admin might manage categories or remove inappropriate posts, while a regular user can manage only their own content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As the number of posts and comments grows, you can add pagination so that everything is not returned in the same response. Search and filtering can also make the project more useful, such as finding posts by title, author, or category. If you add images, you can introduce file uploads and store the file reference in the database instead of putting the actual file data into the post record.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Look out for these while making this spring boot project:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Make sure a user cannot edit or delete another user&#8217;s post just by changing an ID in the request.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Validate post titles, content, usernames, and comments before saving them.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Be careful with JPA relationships when returning posts with comments and users; returning the entire relationship tree can create unnecessarily large responses or circular JSON.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keep authentication and authorisation separate: knowing who the user is does not automatically mean they should be allowed to perform every action.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Add API documentation once the endpoints settle so the request and response formats are easy to understand.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you want to follow a guided version of the project, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/topics\/course\/java-spring-boot-blogging-app\/\">Scaler&#8217;s free Spring Boot course<\/a> uses a blogging application to work through Spring Boot, database connectivity, CRUD operations, and security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tier-2-production-concerns\"><\/span><strong>Tier 2: Production Concerns<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now officially, your REST basics are in place. So these spring boot projects from hereon can start dealing with the problems that appear around the API itself: who can use it, how quickly it responds, how you know a change hasn&#8217;t broken something, and how another developer is supposed to work with it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. JWT Authentication and Role-Based Access<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can take a REST API with users and add a proper login and access system. Start with a login endpoint that checks the user&#8217;s credentials and returns a JWT. The client can then send that token with requests to protected endpoints, allowing the application to identify the logged-in user.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Next, add roles such as USER and ADMIN. You can keep regular users limited to actions such as viewing or updating their own information, while an admin can create, update, or delete records for everyone. Spring Security can handle the authentication and protect these endpoints, with a SecurityFilterChain defining which parts of the API require a logged-in user.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As you implement the permissions, keep one thing in mind clear: authentication confirms who the user is, while authorisation decides what that user can access. A regular employee might be able to view their own details, while an admin can add, edit, or delete employee records. Both users are authenticated, but their roles determine which actions they can perform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can also test what happens when the request contains no token, an expired token, or a valid token belonging to a user without the required role. These cases should return clear 401 or 403 responses so that the client is not left to guess what went wrong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Check Out:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.spring.io\/spring-security\/reference\/servlet\/oauth2\/resource-server\/jwt.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>OAuth 2.0 Resource Server JWT :: Spring Security<\/strong><\/a><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. Redis Caching Layer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now imagine the API is repeatedly fetching the same data from the database. You don&#8217;t necessarily need to run that query every time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can add Redis as a cache and keep frequently requested data there for a while. A product catalogue, employee details, or popular blog posts could be good candidates if the same information is being requested again and again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With Spring Boot, you can use Spring Data Redis and Spring&#8217;s caching support to connect the application to Redis. Start with one endpoint rather than caching everything. @Cacheable can store the result of a method, so the next request can be served from the cache instead of running the same database query again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now here\u2019s what you need to think about: how long should that data stay in the cache?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can set a TTL (time to live) based on how often the underlying data changes. Data that changes rarely can stay cached longer, while frequently changing information may need a shorter TTL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You also need a plan for updates. If an employee&#8217;s details change in the database but the old response is still in Redis, the API could return stale data. You can evict or update the relevant cache entry when the record changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once you&#8217;ve added Redis, compare the endpoint before and after caching. Check how often the database is being queried and whether repeated requests actually become faster. That helps you decide whether the extra caching layer is solving a real problem or simply adding another piece to the application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Check out:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/spring.io\/guides\/gs\/caching\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Caching Data with Spring<\/strong><\/a><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n\n    <!-- Source Sans Pro (topics font) -->\n    <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Source+Sans+3:wght@400;600;700&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n    <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/swiper@11\/swiper-bundle.min.css\">\n    <script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/swiper@11\/swiper-bundle.min.js\"><\/script>\n\n    <style>\n      :root {\n        --cl-primary: #005bb3;\n        --cl-brand-blue: #255aad;\n        --cl-card-bg: #ffffff;\n        --cl-surface: #f6f7f8;\n        --cl-border: #d6dee5;\n        --cl-text-primary: #1a2c47;   \/* neutral-scale-12 *\/\n        --cl-text-secondary: #61738e; \/* neutral-scale-9 *\/\n        --cl-radius: 16px;\n        --cl-radius-sm: 8px;\n        --cl-shadow: 0 8px 16px 0 rgba(50, 71, 102, 0.16);\n      }\n\n      .scaler-courses * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n      .scaler-courses {\n        font-family: \"Source Sans 3\", \"Source Sans Pro\", \"Roboto\", Arial, sans-serif;\n        padding: 24px;\n        width: 100%;\n      }\n      .scaler-courses__inner {\n        max-width: 1000px;\n        margin: 0 auto;\n        position: relative;\n        width: 100%;\n      }\n\n      \/* Header *\/\n      .scaler-courses__header {\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        gap: 8px;\n        margin-bottom: 8px;\n        padding: 8px 0;\n      }\n      .scaler-courses__header-icon { display: inline-flex; color: var(--cl-text-primary); }\n      .scaler-courses__header-icon svg { width: 24px; height: 24px; }\n      .scaler-courses__title {\n        font-size: 18px;\n        font-weight: 700;\n        color: var(--cl-text-primary);\n        line-height: 1.3;\n        margin: 0;\n      }\n\n      \/* Swiper *\/\n      .scaler-courses__swiper-wrap { position: relative; }\n      .scaler-courses .swiper { width: 100%; padding: 4px; }\n      .scaler-courses-swiper .swiper-slide {\n        width: 296px;\n        height: auto;\n        display: flex;\n      }\n\n      \/* Card *\/\n      .scaler-course-card {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n        height: 100%;\n        min-height: 336px;\n        background: var(--cl-card-bg);\n        border: 1px solid var(--cl-border);\n        border-radius: var(--cl-radius);\n        overflow: hidden;\n        text-decoration: none;\n        cursor: pointer;\n        transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease;\n      }\n      .scaler-course-card:hover { box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(50, 71, 102, 0.12); }\n\n      .scaler-course-card__image {\n        width: 100%;\n        height: 128px;\n        min-height: 128px;\n        object-fit: cover;\n        background: var(--cl-surface);\n        display: block;\n      }\n\n      .scaler-course-card__detail {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        flex: 1 1 auto;\n        padding: 16px 16px 8px;\n      }\n      .scaler-course-card__heading,\n      .scaler-course-card__heading:link,\n      .scaler-course-card__heading:visited {\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        line-height: 1.4;\n        color: var(--cl-text-primary) !important;\n        margin: 0 0 8px;\n        white-space: nowrap;\n        overflow: hidden;\n        text-overflow: ellipsis;\n      }\n      .scaler-course-card__instructor {\n        font-size: 14px;\n        line-height: 1.86;\n        color: var(--cl-text-primary);\n        white-space: nowrap;\n        overflow: hidden;\n        text-overflow: ellipsis;\n      }\n      .scaler-course-card__instructor b { font-weight: 700; }\n      .scaler-course-card__desc {\n        flex-grow: 1;\n        margin-top: 8px;\n        margin-bottom: 12px;\n        font-size: 16px;\n        line-height: 1.5;\n        color: var(--cl-text-secondary);\n        display: -webkit-box;\n        -webkit-line-clamp: 2;\n        -webkit-box-orient: vertical;\n        overflow: hidden;\n      }\n\n      .scaler-course-card__footer {\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        justify-content: space-between;\n        width: 100%;\n      }\n      .scaler-course-card__stat {\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        gap: 4px;\n        font-size: 14px;\n        color: var(--cl-text-primary);\n      }\n      .scaler-course-card__stat svg { width: 18px; height: 18px; flex-shrink: 0; }\n      .scaler-course-card__stat img { width: 20px; height: 20px; flex-shrink: 0; }\n\n      \/* Side arrows *\/\n      .scaler-courses__nav {\n        position: absolute !important;\n        top: 50% !important;\n        transform: translateY(-50%) !important;\n        z-index: 2;\n        width: 46px !important; height: 46px !important; min-width: 46px;\n        display: flex !important; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n        padding: 0 !important;\n        background: var(--cl-card-bg) !important;\n        border: none !important;\n        border-radius: var(--cl-radius-sm) !important;\n        box-shadow: var(--cl-shadow) !important;\n        color: var(--cl-text-secondary) !important;\n        cursor: pointer;\n        transition: opacity 0.2s ease, visibility 0.2s ease;\n      }\n      .scaler-courses__nav--prev { left: 8px !important; }\n      .scaler-courses__nav--next { right: 8px !important; }\n      .scaler-courses__nav svg { width: 20px !important; height: 20px !important; fill: var(--cl-text-secondary) !important; }\n      .scaler-courses__nav.swiper-button-disabled { opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; pointer-events: none; }\n\n      .scaler-courses .swiper-button-prev,\n      .scaler-courses .swiper-button-next,\n      .scaler-courses .swiper-pagination { display: none; }\n\n      \/* Skeleton *\/\n      .scaler-course-card--skeleton { pointer-events: none; }\n      .scaler-course-card--skeleton .scaler-course-card__image,\n      .scaler-course-card--skeleton .scaler-course-card__heading,\n      .scaler-course-card--skeleton .scaler-course-card__instructor,\n      .scaler-course-card--skeleton .scaler-course-card__desc,\n      .scaler-course-card--skeleton .scaler-course-card__footer {\n        background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--cl-border) 25%, var(--cl-surface) 50%, var(--cl-border) 75%);\n        background-size: 200% 100%;\n        animation: cl-shimmer 1.5s infinite;\n        color: transparent !important;\n        border-radius: 4px;\n      }\n      .scaler-course-card--skeleton .scaler-course-card__heading { height: 24px; margin: 0 0 8px; }\n      .scaler-course-card--skeleton .scaler-course-card__instructor { height: 16px; }\n      .scaler-course-card--skeleton .scaler-course-card__footer { height: 20px; }\n      @keyframes cl-shimmer { 0% { background-position: 200% 0; } 100% { background-position: -200% 0; } }\n\n      .scaler-courses__empty { display: none; }\n\n      @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .scaler-courses { padding: 16px; }\n        .scaler-courses-swiper .swiper-slide { width: 260px; }\n        .scaler-courses__nav { display: none !important; }\n      }\n    <\/style>\n\n\n    <div class=\"scaler-courses js-scaler-courses\">\n\n      <template class=\"js-course-card-template\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <a class=\"scaler-course-card js-course-link\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-course-card__image js-course-image\" src=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\">\n            <div class=\"scaler-course-card__detail\">\n              <div class=\"scaler-course-card__heading js-course-title\"><\/div>\n              <div class=\"scaler-course-card__instructor js-course-instructor\"><\/div>\n              <div class=\"scaler-course-card__desc js-course-desc\"><\/div>\n              <div class=\"scaler-course-card__footer\">\n                <span class=\"scaler-course-card__stat js-course-star\">\n                  <svg fill=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M14.83 2.868c0.342-0.239 0.75-0.368 1.168-0.368s0.826 0.128 1.168 0.368c0.338 0.236 0.596 0.569 0.741 0.955l2.759 6.936c0.003 0.007 0.007 0.013 0.013 0.017s0.013 0.007 0.020 0.007l7.402 0.476c0.411 0.036 0.802 0.194 1.124 0.452s0.559 0.607 0.683 1 0.127 0.815 0.011 1.211c-0.116 0.396-0.347 0.748-0.664 1.013l-5.655 4.714c-0.013 0.011-0.022 0.025-0.028 0.040s-0.006 0.032-0.002 0.047l1.821 7.163c0.107 0.395 0.094 0.812-0.037 1.2-0.133 0.391-0.38 0.734-0.71 0.983s-0.727 0.393-1.14 0.413c-0.413 0.020-0.822-0.084-1.175-0.3l-0.015-0.009-6.307-4.005c-0.004-0.003-0.009-0.004-0.014-0.004s-0.009 0.001-0.013 0.004l-5.876 3.721c-0.389 0.235-0.839 0.347-1.292 0.323s-0.889-0.184-1.251-0.459c-0.361-0.275-0.632-0.652-0.777-1.082-0.143-0.426-0.157-0.885-0.038-1.319l1.684-6.629c0.004-0.016 0.003-0.033-0.002-0.049s-0.015-0.030-0.027-0.040l-5.653-4.714c-0.317-0.264-0.548-0.617-0.664-1.013s-0.112-0.817 0.011-1.211c0.124-0.394 0.361-0.742 0.683-1s0.713-0.416 1.124-0.452l0.023-0.002 7.38-0.476c0.007-0 0.014-0.003 0.020-0.007s0.010-0.010 0.013-0.017l0.008-0.020 2.746-6.913c0.145-0.386 0.403-0.719 0.741-0.956z\"\/><\/svg>\n                  <span class=\"js-course-star-val\"><\/span>\n                <\/span>\n                <span class=\"scaler-course-card__stat\">\n                  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d19zaobb0foqu6.cloudfront.net\/topics\/images\/user-check-dark.svg\" alt=\"Enrolled\" loading=\"lazy\">\n                  <span class=\"js-course-reg\"><\/span>\n                <\/span>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/template>\n\n      <div class=\"scaler-courses__inner\">\n        <div class=\"scaler-courses__header\">\n          <span class=\"scaler-courses__header-icon\">\n            <svg fill=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M26.259 23.289h-20.518c-1.193 0-2.16-0.967-2.16-2.16v0-14.588c0-1.193 0.967-2.16 2.16-2.16v0h20.518c1.193 0 2.16 0.967 2.16 2.16v0 14.588c0 1.193-0.967 2.16-2.16 2.16v0zM5.741 5.501c-0.574 0-1.040 0.466-1.040 1.040v0 14.588c0 0.574 0.466 1.040 1.040 1.040v0h20.518c0.574 0 1.040-0.466 1.040-1.040v0-14.588c0-0.574-0.466-1.040-1.040-1.040v0z\"\/><path d=\"M19.764 27.619h-7.53c-0.309 0-0.56-0.251-0.56-0.56v0c0-0.309 0.251-0.56 0.56-0.56h7.53c0.309 0 0.56 0.251 0.56 0.56v0c0 0.309-0.251 0.56-0.56 0.56v0z\"\/><path d=\"M14.023 9.322c0.116 0 0.223 0.035 0.312 0.096l-0.002-0.001 5.93 3.953c0.151 0.102 0.249 0.272 0.249 0.466s-0.098 0.364-0.247 0.465l-0.002 0.001-5.93 3.953c-0.087 0.059-0.195 0.094-0.31 0.094-0.309 0-0.56-0.25-0.56-0.559v-7.906c0-0.309 0.251-0.56 0.56-0.56v0zM18.943 13.835l-4.36-2.906v5.813z\"\/><\/svg>\n          <\/span>\n          <h2 class=\"scaler-courses__title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"free-courses-by-top-scaler-instructors\"><\/span>Free Courses by top Scaler instructors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"scaler-courses__swiper-wrap\">\n          <div class=\"swiper scaler-courses-swiper\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-wrapper js-courses-wrapper\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <button class=\"scaler-courses__nav scaler-courses__nav--prev js-courses-prev\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n            <svg fill=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"transform: rotate(-90deg);\"><path d=\"M5.313 16l10.688-10.688 10.688 10.688-1.938 1.875-7.438-7.438v16.25h-2.625v-16.25l-7.5 7.438z\"\/><\/svg>\n          <\/button>\n          <button class=\"scaler-courses__nav scaler-courses__nav--next js-courses-next\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n            <svg fill=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"transform: rotate(90deg);\"><path d=\"M5.313 16l10.688-10.688 10.688 10.688-1.938 1.875-7.438-7.438v16.25h-2.625v-16.25l-7.5 7.438z\"\/><\/svg>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <script>\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", () => {\n      const EXTRA_COUNT_ADDED = 1000;\n\n      \/\/ Mirrors getInstructorStar(): first token of the headline.\n      function getInstructorStar(headline) {\n        return (headline || \"\").toString().split(\" \")[0] || \"\";\n      }\n\n      document.querySelectorAll(\".js-scaler-courses\").forEach(container => {\n        if (container.dataset.initialized === \"true\") return;\n        container.dataset.initialized = \"true\";\n\n        const swiperElement = container.querySelector(\".scaler-courses-swiper\");\n        const wrapper = container.querySelector(\".js-courses-wrapper\");\n        const template = container.querySelector(\".js-course-card-template\");\n        const nextBtn = container.querySelector(\".js-courses-next\");\n        const prevBtn = container.querySelector(\".js-courses-prev\");\n\n        if (!wrapper || !template) return;\n\n        const swiper = new Swiper(swiperElement, {\n          slidesPerView: \"auto\",\n          spaceBetween: 16,\n          grabCursor: true,\n          observer: true,\n          observeParents: true,\n          navigation: { nextEl: nextBtn, prevEl: prevBtn },\n        });\n\n        const pathParts = location.pathname.split(\"\/\").filter(Boolean);\n        const currentSlug = pathParts.length > 0 ? pathParts[pathParts.length - 1] : \"homepage\";\n\n        function showSkeletons(count = 4) {\n          wrapper.innerHTML = \"\";\n          for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n            const clone = template.content.cloneNode(true);\n            clone.querySelector(\".scaler-course-card\").classList.add(\"scaler-course-card--skeleton\");\n            wrapper.appendChild(clone);\n          }\n          swiper.update();\n        }\n\n        function renderCourses(courses) {\n          wrapper.innerHTML = \"\";\n          if (!courses.length) { container.style.display = \"none\"; return; }\n\n          courses.forEach(item => {\n            const a = item.attributes || {};\n            const clone = template.content.cloneNode(true);\n            const instructor = (a.instructors_data && a.instructors_data[0]) || {};\n\n            clone.querySelector(\".js-course-link\").href =\n              `https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/topics\/course\/${a.slug}\/?utm_source=blog&utm_medium=free_courses&utm_content=${currentSlug}`;\n\n            const img = clone.querySelector(\".js-course-image\");\n            img.src = a.cover_image_thumbnail || a.featured_image || \"\";\n            img.alt = a.title || \"\";\n\n            clone.querySelector(\".js-course-title\").textContent = a.title || \"\";\n\n            const instrEl = clone.querySelector(\".js-course-instructor\");\n            if (instructor.name) {\n              instrEl.innerHTML = \"A Course by <b><\/b>\";\n              instrEl.querySelector(\"b\").textContent = instructor.name;\n            } else {\n              instrEl.style.display = \"none\";\n            }\n\n            clone.querySelector(\".js-course-desc\").textContent = a.description || \"\";\n\n            \/\/ Star\n            const star = getInstructorStar(instructor.star_headline);\n            const starWrap = clone.querySelector(\".js-course-star\");\n            if (star && star !== \"0\") clone.querySelector(\".js-course-star-val\").textContent = star;\n            else starWrap.style.display = \"none\";\n\n            \/\/ Enrolled count (+1000 like topics)\n            clone.querySelector(\".js-course-reg\").textContent =\n              ((a.user_registration_count || 0) + EXTRA_COUNT_ADDED).toLocaleString(\"en-US\");\n\n            wrapper.appendChild(clone);\n          });\n\n          swiper.update();\n          swiper.slideTo(0);\n        }\n\n        async function fetchCourses() {\n          try {\n            showSkeletons();\n            \/\/ Public same-origin endpoint (topics course search). Returns 6 free courses.\n            const res = await fetch(\"\/topics\/api\/v1\/search\/courses\", {\n              method: \"POST\",\n              headers: {\n                \"Content-Type\": \"application\/json\",\n                \"Accept\": \"application\/json\",\n                \"X-Requested-With\": \"XMLHttpRequest\",\n              },\n              body: JSON.stringify({\n                filters: {\n                  q: \"\",\n                  page: { limit: 6, current_page: 1 },\n                  sort: { key: \"user_registration_count\", order: \"desc\" },\n                  filter_type: null,\n                  tags: [],\n                  program: [],\n                  level: [],\n                  category_type: [],\n                },\n              }),\n            });\n            const json = await res.json();\n            const courses = (json && json.data) || [];\n            renderCourses(courses);\n          } catch (error) {\n            console.error(\"Failed to load courses:\", error);\n            container.style.display = \"none\";\n          }\n        }\n\n        fetchCourses();\n      });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>7. Spring Boot Testing with JUnit, Mockito and Testcontainers<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you have an employee service that checks a repository before creating a record, you can test different outcomes: what happens when the repository finds a matching employee, when no matching employee is found, or when the repository returns an error.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">JUnit gives you the framework for writing and running these tests. You can use it to check service logic, validation rules, calculations, and exception handling without having to start the entire application. When the service depends on a repository or another class, Mockito can replace that dependency with a mock. You can then control what the mock returns and check whether the service responds as expected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, you might mock the employee repository to return an existing record for one test and no record for another. That lets you check both paths without connecting to the database. The same approach can be used when a service depends on an external client or another component that you don&#8217;t want involved in a unit test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the database itself needs to be tested, you can use Testcontainers instead of mocking it. Testcontainers can start a real database in a Docker container while the test runs, so you can check whether your JPA mappings, queries, and persistence operations work correctly against an actual database.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can keep the different types of tests focused on what they need to check:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>JUnit + Mockito:<\/strong> Test individual service or business logic without external dependencies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Spring Boot testing support:<\/strong> Check how your Spring components work together.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Testcontainers:<\/strong> Check database operations and other integrations using a real service.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, a unit test can check whether the employee service makes the right decision when a repository returns a particular result. An integration test can then use Testcontainers to check whether that operation actually saves the employee correctly and retrieves the expected data from the database. That way, you don&#8217;t need a database for every test, but you can still check the parts of the application that depend on one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Check out:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/testcontainers.com\/guides\/testing-spring-boot-rest-api-using-testcontainers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Getting started with Testcontainers in a Java Spring Boot Project<\/strong><\/a><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>8. REST API with OpenAPI Documentation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once your API has several endpoints, it becomes harder to keep track of what each one expects and returns. You might remember that \/employees\/{id} needs an employee ID, but someone consuming the API also needs to know which request fields are required, what a successful response looks like, and what happens when the request is invalid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can add OpenAPI documentation to describe these details directly alongside the API. With Spring Boot, a library such as springdoc-openapi can generate the specification from your controllers and models, while annotations can add details that Spring cannot infer on its own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, your documentation can show:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The endpoint and HTTP method<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Path and query parameters<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Request body fields and their types<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Possible response codes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Authentication requirements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Error responses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can also expose an interactive interface such as Swagger UI, where someone can see the available endpoints and send requests without having to read through the controller code first. This becomes especially useful when a frontend developer or another service needs to work with your backend.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While documenting the API, don&#8217;t stop at adding endpoint names. Check whether someone who has never seen the code can understand what to send, what they will receive, and what each response means. This gives frontend developers and other consumers enough information to work with the API without having to go through the backend code first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Check out:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/springdoc.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Springdoc-openapi<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>9. File Upload Service<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A profile picture, product image, or PDF brings a different kind of data into the application. Instead of saving the file itself in a relational database, you can keep the file in storage and save its reference in the database. So you can build this as one of your spring boot projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can start with a simple upload endpoint using Spring Web&#8217;s MultipartFile. The request can accept the file along with any information needed to associate it with a user, product, or document. Before storing it, you can validate things such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>File type:<\/strong> allow only the formats your application actually needs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>File size:<\/strong> set a limit so large uploads don&#8217;t put unnecessary load on the application.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>File name:<\/strong> don&#8217;t use the original name blindly when creating the storage path.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Storage location:<\/strong> keep the file outside the database and store its path or URL with the related record.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the first version, you can use local storage to understand the upload flow. Once that works, you can move the files to object storage such as Amazon S3 without changing the basic idea of the API: receive the file, store it, and keep a reference to it in the database.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You also need to decide what happens when one part of the operation succeeds, and the other does not. If the database record is saved but the file upload fails, you don&#8217;t want a database entry pointing to a file that does not exist. Similarly, if the file is uploaded but saving its reference fails, you can end up with a file that nothing in the application can find. Handling these cases might mean deleting the uploaded file when the database operation fails, or cleaning up failed uploads separately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can then treat the upload as part of the same application flow: validate the file, store it, save its reference, and have a plan for cleaning up when one of those steps fails.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you want to build the upload flow step by step, start with Spring&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/spring.io\/guides\/gs\/uploading-files\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uploading Files<\/a> guide to see how a Spring Boot application handles MultipartFile uploads and stores files. You can then use the <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.spring.io\/spring-framework\/reference\/web\/webmvc\/mvc-controller\/ann-methods\/multipart-forms.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spring MVC multipart documentation<\/a> when you need to work with multipart requests, @RequestPart, or validation, and check <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.spring.io\/spring-boot\/3.5\/api\/java\/org\/springframework\/boot\/autoconfigure\/web\/servlet\/MultipartProperties.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spring Boot&#8217;s multipart configuration<\/a> when setting limits for file size and request size. Use these to get started with your project, then extend the basic upload flow with the database reference and failure handling described above.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tier-3-distributed-systems\"><\/span><strong>Tier 3: Distributed Systems<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Until now, you can keep the projects inside a single Spring Boot application. Now you can take the same backend idea further by separating its main responsibilities into different services. Instead of keeping users, products, and orders together, you can give each one its own service and let them communicate when they need information from one another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can start with an e-commerce backend and split it into user, product, and order services. From there, Kafka can handle events between services, while an API gateway can provide a single entry point for clients. Service discovery becomes useful when services need to find each other, and a circuit breaker can help when one service is unavailable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The spring boot projects in this tier add another part of the distributed setup, so by the end, you have a backend where multiple services communicate, handle failures, and process events independently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>10. E-commerce Microservices Backend<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can build this as a spring boot microservices project. So basically, an e-commerce backend gives you a practical reason to split the application. You can have separate user, product, and order services, with each one responsible for its own part of the application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The user service can manage customer details and accounts, the product service can handle products and inventory, and the order service can manage orders. Each service can have its own Spring Boot application, API, and database instead of keeping everything in one codebase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The services will still need to communicate with each other. When a customer places an order, for example, the order service may need product and user information before creating it. You can start with REST APIs for this communication and later introduce messaging when some operations don&#8217;t need an immediate response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once the services are running separately, you also need to account for failures. What happens when the order service is running but the product service is unavailable? You can add timeouts, retries, and a circuit breaker to prevent one failing service from bringing the entire request flow to a stop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Read more about:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/topics\/spring-boot\/what-is-microservices\/\"><strong>Microservices<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<style data-wp-block-html=\"css\">\n<style>\n      :root {\n        --sp-brand: #255aad;            \/* brand blue *\/\n        --sp-brand-hover: #19468c;\n        --sp-card-bg: #ffffff;          \/* neutral-scale-0 *\/\n        --sp-surface: #f4f6f9;          \/* neutral-scale-2 *\/\n        --sp-pill-bg: #f8fafc;\n        --sp-border: #d6dee5;           \/* neutral-scale-4 *\/\n        --sp-text-primary: #1a2c47;     \/* neutral-scale-12 *\/\n        --sp-text-secondary: #61738e;   \/* neutral-scale-9 *\/\n      }\n\n      .scaler-placement * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n      .scaler-placement {\n        font-family: \"Source Sans 3\", \"Source Sans Pro\", \"Roboto\", Arial, sans-serif;\n        width: 100%;\n        max-width: 100%;\n        margin: 24px auto;\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n      }\n\n      \/* ---- Placement report (OnlineCallout) ---- *\/\n      .scaler-placement__title {\n        font-size: 24px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        line-height: 1.3;\n        color: var(--sp-text-primary);\n        margin: 0 0 16px;\n      }\n\n      .scaler-placement__card {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n        background: var(--sp-card-bg);\n        border: 1px solid var(--sp-border);\n        border-radius: 20px;\n        padding: 16px;\n        box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(37, 90, 173, 0.04);\n        overflow: hidden;\n        gap: 5px;\n      }\n\n      .scaler-placement__top {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: row;\n        align-items: center;\n        width: 100%;\n        gap: 18px;\n      }\n\n      .scaler-placement__stat-block {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        justify-content: center;\n        align-items: center;\n        width: 30%;\n        min-width: 200px;\n        flex-shrink: 0;\n        background: var(--sp-surface);\n        border: 1px solid var(--sp-border);\n        border-radius: 16px;\n        padding: 16px 10px;\n        gap: 8px;\n      }\n      .scaler-placement__stat-number {\n        font-size: 48px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        line-height: 1;\n        color: var(--sp-brand);\n        text-align: center;\n      }\n      .scaler-placement__stat-label {\n        font-size: 13px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        line-height: 14px;\n        color: rgba(37, 90, 173, 0.85);\n        text-transform: uppercase;\n        letter-spacing: 0.8px;\n      }\n\n      .scaler-placement__info {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        justify-content: center;\n        flex: 1;\n        gap: 10px;\n      }\n      .scaler-placement__proof-header {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: row;\n        align-items: center;\n        gap: 8px;\n      }\n      .scaler-placement__proof-header svg { width: 18px; height: 18px; flex-shrink: 0; }\n      .scaler-placement__proof-label {\n        font-size: 12px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        line-height: 16px;\n        color: var(--sp-brand);\n        text-transform: uppercase;\n        letter-spacing: 1px;\n      }\n      .scaler-placement__body-text {\n        font-size: 16px;\n        font-weight: 400;\n        line-height: 24px;\n        color: var(--sp-text-primary);\n        margin: 0;\n      }\n\n      .scaler-placement__bottom {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        align-items: flex-start;\n        margin-left: calc(30% + 18px);\n        width: calc(70% - 18px);\n        gap: 12px;\n      }\n      .scaler-placement__stats-row {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: row;\n        align-items: center;\n        gap: 24px;\n      }\n      .scaler-placement__stat-item {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: row;\n        align-items: center;\n        gap: 8px;\n      }\n      .scaler-placement__stat-item > svg {\n        color: var(--sp-brand);\n        width: 18px;\n        height: 18px;\n        flex-shrink: 0;\n      }\n      .scaler-placement__stat-text {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: row;\n        align-items: center;\n        gap: 4px;\n      }\n      .scaler-placement__stat-value {\n        font-size: 16px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        line-height: 24px;\n        color: var(--sp-text-primary);\n      }\n      .scaler-placement__stat-desc {\n        font-size: 14px;\n        font-weight: 400;\n        line-height: 20px;\n        color: var(--sp-text-secondary);\n      }\n\n      .scaler-placement__cta,\n      .scaler-placement__cta:link,\n      .scaler-placement__cta:visited {\n        display: inline-flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        align-self: flex-start;\n        font-size: 14px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        line-height: 20px;\n        color: var(--sp-brand) !important;\n        gap: 6px;\n        text-decoration: none;\n        cursor: pointer;\n        margin-top: 2px;\n        transition: color 0.25s ease;\n      }\n      .scaler-placement__cta:hover,\n      .scaler-placement__cta:focus { color: var(--sp-brand-hover) !important; }\n      .scaler-placement__cta svg {\n        width: 14px;\n        height: 14px;\n        fill: currentColor;\n        transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n      }\n      .scaler-placement__cta:hover svg { transform: translateX(3px); }\n\n      \/* ---- Hiring Partners ---- *\/\n      .scaler-hiring {\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        justify-content: center;\n        flex-wrap: wrap;\n        gap: 8px 12px;\n        margin: 24px 0 8px;\n        padding-top: 16px;\n        border-top: 1px solid var(--sp-border);\n      }\n      .scaler-hiring__label {\n        font-size: 14px;\n        color: var(--sp-text-secondary);\n        white-space: nowrap;\n      }\n      .scaler-hiring__pills {\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        flex-wrap: wrap;\n        gap: 8px;\n      }\n      .scaler-hiring__pill {\n        display: inline-flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        gap: 6px;\n        padding: 5px 12px 5px 5px;\n        background: var(--sp-pill-bg);\n        border-radius: 999px;\n      }\n      .scaler-hiring__badge {\n        display: inline-flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        justify-content: center;\n        flex-shrink: 0;\n        width: 24px;\n        height: 24px;\n        border-radius: 50%;\n        background: #ffffff;\n      }\n      .scaler-hiring__logo {\n        width: 16px !important;\n        height: 16px !important;\n        object-fit: contain;\n        margin: 0 !important;\n        display: block;\n      }\n      .scaler-hiring__name {\n        font-size: 14px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        color: var(--sp-text-primary);\n      }\n      .scaler-hiring__more {\n        font-size: 14px;\n        color: var(--sp-text-secondary);\n      }\n\n      @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .scaler-placement__title { font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 12px; }\n        .scaler-placement__card { gap: 16px; border-radius: 16px; }\n        .scaler-placement__top { gap: 12px; }\n        .scaler-placement__stat-block { width: 35%; min-width: 110px; padding: 12px 8px; gap: 4px; }\n        .scaler-placement__stat-number { font-size: 24px; }\n        .scaler-placement__stat-label { font-size: 10px; }\n        .scaler-placement__body-text { font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; }\n        .scaler-placement__bottom { margin-left: 0; width: 100%; gap: 16px; }\n        .scaler-placement__stats-row { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px 16px; }\n        .scaler-placement__stat-value { font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; }\n        .scaler-placement__stat-desc { font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; }\n      }\n<\/style>\n\n<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n\n    <!-- Source Sans Pro (topics font) -->\n    <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Source+Sans+3:wght@400;600;700&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n\n<div class=\"scaler-placement\">\n      <h2 class=\"scaler-placement__title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"scaler-placement-report-and-statistics\"><\/span>Scaler Placement Report and Statistics<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n      <div class=\"scaler-placement__card\">\n        <div class=\"scaler-placement__top\">\n          <div class=\"scaler-placement__stat-block\">\n            <div class=\"scaler-placement__stat-number\">\u20b923L<\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-placement__stat-label\">AVG CTC<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"scaler-placement__info\">\n            <div class=\"scaler-placement__proof-header\">\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 21 21\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M8.64 0 0 8.683V21h12.257l8.64-8.683V0H8.64zm-.11 17.257H3.725v-4.828H8.53v4.828zm7.901-1.88-4.174 4.194V8.684H1.447l4.076-4.14h10.914l-.006 10.83v.004z\" fill=\"#255aad\"><\/path><\/svg>\n              <span class=\"scaler-placement__proof-label\">SCALER PLACEMENT PROOF<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <p class=\"scaler-placement__body-text\">\n              Scaler learners achieved 2.5x salary growth with average post-Scaler CTC reaching \u20b923L.\n            <\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"scaler-placement__bottom\">\n          <div class=\"scaler-placement__stats-row\">\n            <div class=\"scaler-placement__stat-item\">\n              <svg fill=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M11.199 7.957c-3.086 0-5.588 2.502-5.588 5.588s2.502 5.588 5.588 5.588c3.086 0 5.588-2.502 5.588-5.588s-2.502-5.588-5.588-5.588zM3.611 13.545c0-4.191 3.397-7.588 7.588-7.588s7.588 3.397 7.588 7.588c0 4.191-3.397 7.588-7.588 7.588s-7.588-3.397-7.588-7.588z\"><\/path><path d=\"M21.090 6.369h0.003c1.989 0 3.897 0.79 5.303 2.197s2.197 3.314 2.197 5.303-0.79 3.897-2.197 5.303c-1.406 1.407-3.314 2.197-5.303 2.197-0.552 0-1-0.448-1-1s0.448-1 1-1c1.459 0 2.858-0.579 3.889-1.611s1.611-2.43 1.611-3.889c0-1.459-0.58-2.858-1.611-3.889s-2.429-1.611-3.888-1.611c-0.507 0.002-1.013 0.070-1.502 0.203-0.533 0.145-1.082-0.17-1.227-0.703s0.17-1.082 0.703-1.227c0.659-0.179 1.339-0.27 2.021-0.272z\"><\/path><path d=\"M10.906 21.364c-1.605 0-3.186 0.386-4.61 1.126s-2.649 1.811-3.572 3.124c-0.318 0.452-0.941 0.561-1.393 0.243s-0.561-0.941-0.243-1.393c1.107-1.576 2.577-2.862 4.286-3.749s3.606-1.351 5.532-1.351 3.823 0.463 5.532 1.351c1.709 0.888 3.179 2.174 4.286 3.749 0.318 0.452 0.209 1.076-0.243 1.393s-1.076 0.209-1.393-0.243c-0.923-1.313-2.148-2.385-3.572-3.124s-3.005-1.126-4.61-1.126z\"><\/path><path d=\"M25.704 22.493c-1.424-0.74-3.005-1.125-4.61-1.124-0.552 0-1-0.447-1.001-0.999s0.447-1 0.999-1.001c1.926-0.001 3.824 0.462 5.533 1.349s3.179 2.174 4.286 3.751c0.317 0.452 0.208 1.076-0.244 1.393s-1.076 0.208-1.393-0.244c-0.922-1.313-2.147-2.385-3.571-3.125z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n              <div class=\"scaler-placement__stat-text\">\n                <span class=\"scaler-placement__stat-value\">11,000+<\/span>\n                <span class=\"scaler-placement__stat-desc\">placements<\/span>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-placement__stat-item\">\n              <svg fill=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M1.2 27.5c0-0.442 0.358-0.8 0.8-0.8h28c0.442 0 0.8 0.358 0.8 0.8s-0.358 0.8-0.8 0.8h-28c-0.442 0-0.8-0.358-0.8-0.8z\"><\/path><path d=\"M3.727 4.227c0.338-0.338 0.795-0.527 1.273-0.527h12c0.477 0 0.935 0.19 1.273 0.527s0.527 0.795 0.527 1.273v22c0 0.442-0.358 0.8-0.8 0.8s-0.8-0.358-0.8-0.8v-22c0-0.053-0.021-0.104-0.059-0.141s-0.088-0.059-0.141-0.059h-12c-0.053 0-0.104 0.021-0.141 0.059s-0.059 0.088-0.059 0.141v22c0 0.442-0.358 0.8-0.8 0.8s-0.8-0.358-0.8-0.8v-22c0-0.477 0.19-0.935 0.527-1.273z\"><\/path><path d=\"M17.2 12.5c0-0.442 0.358-0.8 0.8-0.8h9c0.477 0 0.935 0.19 1.273 0.527s0.527 0.795 0.527 1.273v14c0 0.442-0.358 0.8-0.8 0.8s-0.8-0.358-0.8-0.8v-14c0-0.053-0.021-0.104-0.059-0.141s-0.088-0.059-0.141-0.059h-9c-0.442 0-0.8-0.358-0.8-0.8z\"><\/path><path d=\"M7.2 9.5c0-0.442 0.358-0.8 0.8-0.8h4c0.442 0 0.8 0.358 0.8 0.8s-0.358 0.8-0.8 0.8h-4c-0.442 0-0.8-0.358-0.8-0.8z\"><\/path><path d=\"M9.2 17.5c0-0.442 0.358-0.8 0.8-0.8h4c0.442 0 0.8 0.358 0.8 0.8s-0.358 0.8-0.8 0.8h-4c-0.442 0-0.8-0.358-0.8-0.8z\"><\/path><path d=\"M7.2 22.5c0-0.442 0.358-0.8 0.8-0.8h4c0.442 0 0.8 0.358 0.8 0.8s-0.358 0.8-0.8 0.8h-4c-0.442 0-0.8-0.358-0.8-0.8z\"><\/path><path d=\"M21.2 22.5c0-0.442 0.358-0.8 0.8-0.8h2c0.442 0 0.8 0.358 0.8 0.8s-0.358 0.8-0.8 0.8h-2c-0.442 0-0.8-0.358-0.8-0.8z\"><\/path><path d=\"M21.2 17.5c0-0.442 0.358-0.8 0.8-0.8h2c0.442 0 0.8 0.358 0.8 0.8s-0.358 0.8-0.8 0.8h-2c-0.442 0-0.8-0.358-0.8-0.8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n              <div class=\"scaler-placement__stat-text\">\n                <span class=\"scaler-placement__stat-value\">650+<\/span>\n                <span class=\"scaler-placement__stat-desc\">companies<\/span>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-placement__stat-item\">\n              <svg viewBox=\"0 0 25 24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M5.60938 18.8906C4.74688 18.0281 5.31875 16.2188 4.87813 15.1594C4.4375 14.1 2.75 13.1719 2.75 12C2.75 10.8281 4.41875 9.9375 4.87813 8.84063C5.3375 7.74375 4.74688 5.97187 5.60938 5.10938C6.47187 4.24688 8.28125 4.81875 9.34063 4.37813C10.4 3.9375 11.3281 2.25 12.5 2.25C13.6719 2.25 14.5625 3.91875 15.6594 4.37813C16.7562 4.8375 18.5281 4.24688 19.3906 5.10938C20.2531 5.97187 19.6812 7.78125 20.1219 8.84063C20.5625 9.9 22.25 10.8281 22.25 12C22.25 13.1719 20.5813 14.0625 20.1219 15.1594C19.6625 16.2562 20.2531 18.0281 19.3906 18.8906C18.5281 19.7531 16.7188 19.1812 15.6594 19.6219C14.6 20.0625 13.6719 21.75 12.5 21.75C11.3281 21.75 10.4375 20.0813 9.34063 19.6219C8.24375 19.1625 6.47187 19.7531 5.60938 18.8906Z\" fill=\"#ffffff\" stroke=\"#255aad\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path><path d=\"M16.625 9.75L11.1219 15L8.375 12.375\" stroke=\"#255aad\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path><\/svg>\n              <span class=\"scaler-placement__stat-desc\">Verified data<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <a class=\"scaler-placement__cta\" href=\"https:\/\/d2beiqkhq929f0.cloudfront.net\/public_assets\/assets\/000\/195\/869\/original\/Scaler_Career_Report.pdf?1778499863\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n            See full placement report\n            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"transform: rotate(90deg);\"><path d=\"M5.313 16l10.688-10.688 10.688 10.688-1.938 1.875-7.438-7.438v16.25h-2.625v-16.25l-7.5 7.438z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"scaler-hiring\">\n        <span class=\"scaler-hiring__label\">Hiring Partners:<\/span>\n        <div class=\"scaler-hiring__pills\">\n          <span class=\"scaler-hiring__pill\">\n            <span class=\"scaler-hiring__badge\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-hiring__logo\" src=\"https:\/\/d19zaobb0foqu6.cloudfront.net\/topics\/images\/googleicon_.svg\" alt=\"Google\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"scaler-hiring__name\">Google<\/span>\n          <\/span>\n          <span class=\"scaler-hiring__pill\">\n            <span class=\"scaler-hiring__badge\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-hiring__logo\" src=\"https:\/\/d19zaobb0foqu6.cloudfront.net\/topics\/images\/amazonicon_.svg\" alt=\"Amazon\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"scaler-hiring__name\">Amazon<\/span>\n          <\/span>\n          <span class=\"scaler-hiring__pill\">\n            <span class=\"scaler-hiring__badge\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-hiring__logo\" src=\"https:\/\/d19zaobb0foqu6.cloudfront.net\/topics\/images\/microsoft.svg\" alt=\"Microsoft\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"scaler-hiring__name\">Microsoft<\/span>\n          <\/span>\n          <span class=\"scaler-hiring__pill\">\n            <span class=\"scaler-hiring__badge\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-hiring__logo\" src=\"https:\/\/d19zaobb0foqu6.cloudfront.net\/topics\/images\/flipkarticon_.svg\" alt=\"Flipkart\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"scaler-hiring__name\">Flipkart<\/span>\n          <\/span>\n          <span class=\"scaler-hiring__pill\">\n            <span class=\"scaler-hiring__badge\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-hiring__logo\" src=\"https:\/\/d19zaobb0foqu6.cloudfront.net\/topics\/images\/adobeicon_.svg\" alt=\"Adobe\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"scaler-hiring__name\">Adobe<\/span>\n          <\/span>\n          <span class=\"scaler-hiring__more\">1200+ more<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>11. Kafka-Based Order Event System<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Take the same e-commerce backend and change what happens after an order is placed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead of making the order service wait for every service that needs to know about the order, you can publish an OrderCreated event to Kafka. The inventory service can consume it and update the stock, while a notification service can use the same event to send an email. An analytics service can also consume it and record the order without the order service having to call each one separately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the project, you can work with a Kafka topic, a producer that publishes the order event, and consumers that listen for it. Each consumer can handle the event independently, which also means that adding another service later doesn't require changing the order service's main flow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You also need to think about what happens when a consumer receives the same event more than once. If an OrderCreated event is processed twice and the inventory service reduces the stock twice, you could end up with incorrect data. You can therefore make the consumer idempotent, using an event ID or another unique identifier to recognise events it has already processed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can then test the flow by placing an order and following the OrderCreated event through each consumer. Check that inventory is updated, the notification is triggered, and the analytics service receives the same event independently. Then send the same event again and make sure the consumer does not repeat an operation that should happen only once.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Check out:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.spring.io\/spring-kafka\/reference\/quick-tour.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Spring Kafka<\/strong><\/a><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>12. API Gateway and Service Discovery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With the user, product, and order services running separately, you can put an API gateway in front of them so the client only needs to communicate with one entry point. The gateway can receive a request such as \/products or \/orders and route it to the service responsible for handling it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can then add service discovery so the services don't need to keep each other's addresses in their configuration. Instead of hardcoding where the product service is running, for example, the order service can look it up through the service registry. This becomes useful when a service has multiple instances or its location changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the gateway, keep the responsibilities that apply to requests going through the system as a whole. Routing, authentication, rate limiting, and request-level concerns can sit here, while product rules should remain inside the product service and order rules inside the order service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can build this on top of the e-commerce microservices from the previous projects, first routing requests through the gateway and then replacing fixed service addresses with service discovery. Once that is working, adding another instance of a service gives you a practical way to see why both pieces are useful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Check out:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.spring.io\/spring-cloud-gateway\/reference\/spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux\/the-discoveryclient-route-definition-locator.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>DiscoveryClient Route Definition Locator<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>13. Resilient Microservices with Circuit Breakers<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suppose the order service needs the product service to complete a request, but the product service is temporarily unavailable. The order service could keep waiting for a response and sending more requests, which can leave more requests waiting as the failure continues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can add a circuit breaker around the call to the product service. After repeated failures, the circuit can stop sending requests for a short period instead of continuing to call a service that is already unavailable. The order service can then return an appropriate response or use a fallback rather than waiting for the failed service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can build the project further with timeouts, retries, and fallback responses. A timeout prevents a request from waiting indefinitely, while a retry can be useful when a failure is temporary. For example, a short network failure may be worth retrying, but repeatedly retrying a request that is failing because of invalid data will not fix anything.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can test these cases by deliberately making the product service unavailable and watching how the order service responds. Try a temporary failure, repeated failures, and a service that takes too long to respond. This lets you see when a retry makes sense and when the request should fail quickly instead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Check out:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/spring.io\/guides\/gs\/cloud-circuit-breaker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Spring Cloud Circuit Breaker Guide<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tier-4-ship-it\"><\/span><strong>Tier 4: Ship It<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The backend is doing its job locally. Now you can take the same application out of your development environment and see what it takes to actually run it somewhere else.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Docker gives you a consistent way to package the application, Kubernetes lets you run and manage it, and Spring Boot Actuator gives you a way to check the application's health once it is deployed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>14. Dockerized Spring Boot Application<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Take one of the larger Spring Boot applications and package it as a Docker image. The application, its runtime, and the configuration it needs can then be moved between environments without relying on whatever happens to be installed on your machine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can build it in a few steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Create the image:<\/strong> Write a Dockerfile that packages the Spring Boot JAR with the Java runtime it needs. The image becomes the packaged version of your application.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Run the application:<\/strong> Start a container from that image and check that the Spring Boot application is accessible through the expected port.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Add dependencies:<\/strong> If the application uses PostgreSQL, Redis, or another service, use <strong>Docker Compose<\/strong> to run those containers alongside the Spring Boot application.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Keep configuration outside the image:<\/strong> Pass values such as database URLs, usernames, passwords, and other environment-specific settings through environment variables rather than putting them directly into the image.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Test the setup:<\/strong> Stop and restart the containers and check whether the application and its dependencies come back up with the expected configuration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This gives you a way to run the same Spring Boot application outside your development environment, with Docker handling the application container and Docker Compose bringing the supporting services together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>15. Spring Boot Application on Kubernetes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Take the containerised application one step further and deploy it to Kubernetes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Take the Docker image from the previous project and deploy the Spring Boot application to a Kubernetes cluster. You can build the deployment around a few key Kubernetes resources:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Deployment:<\/strong> Create a Deployment that tells Kubernetes which Docker image to run and how many copies of the Spring Boot application you want running. Kubernetes then keeps that number of pods running and creates a replacement if one of them stops.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Service:<\/strong> Create a Service to give the application a stable network address. Requests go to the Service rather than directly to a pod, so Kubernetes can send them to any available instance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ConfigMap and Secret:<\/strong> Keep values such as the database URL, application settings, usernames, and passwords outside the Docker image. A ConfigMap is suitable for regular configuration, while a Secret is intended for sensitive values.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Actuator and health checks:<\/strong> Add Spring Boot Actuator and expose the application's health endpoints. A readiness probe tells Kubernetes when a pod is ready to receive requests, while a liveness probe helps Kubernetes detect an application that is no longer functioning properly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once these pieces are working, run more than one application instance and test what happens when a pod stops. The Deployment should bring up a replacement, while the Service continues routing requests to the available pods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can then add basic monitoring and logs to see what is happening after deployment. Check the application's health, resource usage, and errors rather than treating a successful Kubernetes deployment as proof that the application is working correctly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the-jd-translation-table\"><\/span><strong>The JD Translation Table<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A project can help you learn a technology, but when you start applying for Java backend roles, the more useful question is: which project can show that you have actually worked with the skills mentioned in the job description?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can use the job description to decide the Spring Boot projects for your resume:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Skill mentioned in the JD<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>The Projects for it<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Secured REST APIs<\/td><td><strong>4 + 5<\/strong> - Blogging Platform + JWT Authentication<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Caching using Redis<\/td><td><strong>6<\/strong> - Redis Caching Layer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Unit and integration testing<\/td><td><strong>7<\/strong> - JUnit, Mockito and Testcontainers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>REST API design and documentation<\/td><td><strong>2 + 8<\/strong> - To-Do API + OpenAPI Documentation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Event-driven microservices<\/td><td><strong>10 + 11<\/strong> - E-commerce Microservices + Kafka Event System<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>API Gateway and service discovery<\/td><td><strong>12<\/strong> - API Gateway + Service Discovery<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Resilience in distributed systems<\/td><td><strong>13<\/strong> - Circuit Breakers and Failure Handling<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Docker containerisation<\/td><td><strong>14<\/strong> - Dockerized Spring Boot Application<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kubernetes deployment<\/td><td><strong>15<\/strong> - Spring Boot Application on Kubernetes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Application monitoring and health checks<\/td><td><strong>15<\/strong> - Actuator + Kubernetes + Monitoring<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When you add a project to your resume, describe what you actually built with the technology. You can mention that you published order events through Kafka and consumed them through separate inventory and notification services. So it\u2019s all about being specific enough to let the interviewer know that you have an idea about what you\u2019ve done.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can also use the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/blog\/java-backend-developer-roadmap\/\">Java Backend Developer Roadmap<\/a> to see how these project skills fit into the wider set of skills expected from a Java backend developer.<\/p>\n\n\n<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n\n    <!-- Source Sans Pro (topics font) -->\n    <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Source+Sans+3:wght@400;600;700&amp;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n    <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/swiper@11\/swiper-bundle.min.css\">\n    <script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/swiper@11\/swiper-bundle.min.js\"><\/script>\n\n    <style>\n      :root {\n        --ss-primary: #005bb3;        \/* primary-color-80 *\/\n        --ss-card-bg: #ffffff;\n        --ss-border: #e6e6e6;\n        --ss-quote-bg: #f6f6f6;\n        --ss-text-dark: #1c1c1c;\n        --ss-text-mid: #6b6b6b;\n        --ss-text-muted: #9a9a9a;\n        --ss-radius: 12px;\n        --ss-radius-sm: 8px;\n        --ss-shadow: 0 8px 16px 0 rgba(50, 71, 102, 0.16);\n      }\n\n      .scaler-ss * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n      .scaler-ss {\n        font-family: \"Source Sans 3\", \"Source Sans Pro\", \"Roboto\", Arial, sans-serif;\n        padding: 24px;\n        width: 100%;\n      }\n      .scaler-ss__inner {\n        max-width: 1000px;\n        margin: 0 auto;\n        position: relative;\n        width: 100%;\n      }\n\n      \/* Heading *\/\n      .scaler-ss__heading {\n        font-size: 26px;\n        line-height: 34px;\n        font-weight: 700;\n        margin: 0 0 16px;\n        text-align: center;\n        color: var(--ss-text-dark);\n      }\n\n      \/* Swiper *\/\n      .scaler-ss__swiper-wrap { position: relative; }\n      .scaler-ss .swiper { width: 100%; padding: 4px; }\n      .scaler-ss-swiper .swiper-slide {\n        width: 300px;          \/* topics card width *\/\n        height: auto;\n        display: flex;\n      }\n\n      \/* Card *\/\n      .scaler-ss-card {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n        border: 1px solid var(--ss-border);\n        border-radius: var(--ss-radius);\n        overflow: hidden;\n        background: var(--ss-card-bg);\n      }\n\n      .scaler-ss-card__hike {\n        padding: 8px 12px;\n        background: var(--ss-primary);\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 14px;\n        font-weight: 700;\n        text-align: center;\n        letter-spacing: 0.4px;\n      }\n\n      .scaler-ss-card__body {\n        display: flex;\n        flex: 1 1 auto;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        gap: 12px;\n        padding: 16px;\n      }\n\n      \/* Person *\/\n      .scaler-ss-card__person {\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        gap: 10px;\n      }\n      .scaler-ss-card__avatar {\n        width: 44px;\n        height: 44px;\n        min-width: 44px;\n        border-radius: 50%;\n        object-fit: cover;\n        background: var(--ss-quote-bg);\n      }\n      .scaler-ss-card__name {\n        font-size: 16px;\n        font-weight: 700;\n        line-height: 20px;\n        color: var(--ss-text-dark);\n      }\n      .scaler-ss-card__city {\n        font-size: 13px;\n        line-height: 18px;\n        color: var(--ss-text-mid);\n      }\n\n      \/* Before \/ Now transition *\/\n      .scaler-ss-card__transition {\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        justify-content: space-between;\n        gap: 8px;\n      }\n      .scaler-ss-card__col {\n        flex: 1;\n        min-width: 0;\n      }\n      .scaler-ss-card__col-label {\n        font-size: 11px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        letter-spacing: 0.4px;\n        color: var(--ss-text-muted);\n        margin-bottom: 2px;\n      }\n      .scaler-ss-card__col-role {\n        font-size: 13px;\n        line-height: 18px;\n        color: var(--ss-text-mid);\n      }\n      .scaler-ss-card__col-company {\n        font-size: 14px;\n        font-weight: 700;\n        line-height: 20px;\n        color: var(--ss-text-dark);\n      }\n      .scaler-ss-card__company-logo {\n        margin-top: 2px;\n        max-width: 64px;\n        max-height: 20px;\n        width: auto;\n        height: auto;\n        object-fit: contain;\n        display: block;\n      }\n      .scaler-ss-card__arrow {\n        flex-shrink: 0;\n        width: 28px;\n        height: 8px;\n        color: var(--ss-text-mid);\n        fill: currentColor;\n      }\n\n      \/* Quote *\/\n      .scaler-ss-card__quote {\n        font-size: 13px;\n        font-style: italic;\n        line-height: 19px;\n        color: var(--ss-text-mid);\n        background: var(--ss-quote-bg);\n        border-radius: var(--ss-radius-sm);\n        padding: 8px 10px;\n      }\n\n      \/* View Profile *\/\n      .scaler-ss-card__cta,\n      .scaler-ss-card__cta:link,\n      .scaler-ss-card__cta:visited {\n        display: block;\n        margin-top: auto;\n        text-align: center;\n        font-size: 14px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        color: var(--ss-primary) !important;\n        text-decoration: none;\n        border: 1px solid var(--ss-primary);\n        border-radius: var(--ss-radius-sm);\n        padding: 9px 12px;\n        cursor: pointer;\n        transition: background 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;\n      }\n      .scaler-ss-card__cta:hover,\n      .scaler-ss-card__cta:focus {\n        background: var(--ss-primary);\n        color: #ffffff !important;\n      }\n\n      \/* Side navigation arrows *\/\n      .scaler-ss__nav {\n        position: absolute !important;\n        top: 50% !important;\n        transform: translateY(-50%) !important;\n        z-index: 2;\n        width: 46px !important;\n        height: 46px !important;\n        min-width: 46px;\n        display: flex !important;\n        align-items: center;\n        justify-content: center;\n        padding: 0 !important;\n        background: var(--ss-card-bg) !important;\n        border: none !important;\n        border-radius: var(--ss-radius-sm) !important;\n        box-shadow: var(--ss-shadow) !important;\n        color: #61738e !important;\n        cursor: pointer;\n        transition: opacity 0.2s ease, visibility 0.2s ease;\n      }\n      .scaler-ss__nav--prev { left: 8px !important; }\n      .scaler-ss__nav--next { right: 8px !important; }\n      .scaler-ss__nav svg {\n        width: 20px !important;\n        height: 20px !important;\n        fill: #61738e !important;\n      }\n      .scaler-ss__nav.swiper-button-disabled {\n        opacity: 0;\n        visibility: hidden;\n        pointer-events: none;\n      }\n\n      .scaler-ss .swiper-button-prev,\n      .scaler-ss .swiper-button-next,\n      .scaler-ss .swiper-pagination { display: none; }\n\n      \/* Skeleton *\/\n      .scaler-ss-card--skeleton { pointer-events: none; }\n      .scaler-ss-card--skeleton .scaler-ss-card__hike,\n      .scaler-ss-card--skeleton .scaler-ss-card__avatar,\n      .scaler-ss-card--skeleton .scaler-ss-card__person-text,\n      .scaler-ss-card--skeleton .scaler-ss-card__transition,\n      .scaler-ss-card--skeleton .scaler-ss-card__quote,\n      .scaler-ss-card--skeleton .scaler-ss-card__cta {\n        background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--ss-border) 25%, var(--ss-quote-bg) 50%, var(--ss-border) 75%);\n        background-size: 200% 100%;\n        animation: ss-shimmer 1.5s infinite;\n        color: transparent !important;\n        border-color: transparent !important;\n        border-radius: 4px;\n      }\n      .scaler-ss-card--skeleton .scaler-ss-card__person-text { flex: 1; height: 32px; }\n      .scaler-ss-card--skeleton .scaler-ss-card__transition { height: 56px; }\n      .scaler-ss-card--skeleton .scaler-ss-card__quote { height: 48px; }\n      .scaler-ss-card--skeleton .scaler-ss-card__cta { height: 38px; }\n\n      @keyframes ss-shimmer {\n        0% { background-position: 200% 0; }\n        100% { background-position: -200% 0; }\n      }\n\n      @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .scaler-ss { padding: 16px; }\n        .scaler-ss__heading { font-size: 22px; line-height: 30px; }\n        .scaler-ss-swiper .swiper-slide { width: 270px; }\n        .scaler-ss__nav { display: none !important; }\n      }\n    <\/style>\n\n\n\n    <div class=\"scaler-ss js-scaler-ss\">\n\n      <template class=\"js-ss-card-template\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <article class=\"scaler-ss-card\">\n            <div class=\"scaler-ss-card__hike js-ss-hike\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"scaler-ss-card__body\">\n              <div class=\"scaler-ss-card__person\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"scaler-ss-card__avatar js-ss-avatar\" src=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\">\n                <div class=\"scaler-ss-card__person-text\">\n                  <div class=\"scaler-ss-card__name js-ss-name\"><\/div>\n                  <div class=\"scaler-ss-card__city js-ss-city\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"scaler-ss-card__transition\">\n                <div class=\"scaler-ss-card__col\">\n                  <div class=\"scaler-ss-card__col-label\">BEFORE:<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"scaler-ss-card__col-role js-ss-before-role\"><\/div>\n                  <div class=\"scaler-ss-card__col-company js-ss-before-company\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <svg class=\"scaler-ss-card__arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 8\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3882 4.35355C31.5835 4.15829 31.5835 3.84171 31.3882 3.64645L28.2062 0.464466C28.011 0.269204 27.6944 0.269204 27.4991 0.464466C27.3039 0.659728 27.3039 0.976311 27.4991 1.17157L30.3276 4L27.4991 6.82843C27.3039 7.02369 27.3039 7.34027 27.4991 7.53553C27.6944 7.7308 28.011 7.7308 28.2062 7.53553L31.3882 4.35355ZM0.034668 4.5H31.0347V3.5H0.034668V4.5Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n                <div class=\"scaler-ss-card__col\">\n                  <div class=\"scaler-ss-card__col-label\">NOW:<\/div>\n                  <div class=\"scaler-ss-card__col-role js-ss-now-role\"><\/div>\n                  <div class=\"js-ss-now-company\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"scaler-ss-card__quote js-ss-quote\"><\/div>\n\n              <a class=\"scaler-ss-card__cta js-ss-cta\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View Profile<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/article>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/template>\n\n      <div class=\"scaler-ss__inner\">\n        <h2 class=\"scaler-ss__heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"scaler-alumni-and-their-success-stories\"><\/span>Scaler Alumni and Their Success Stories<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n        <div class=\"scaler-ss__swiper-wrap\">\n          <div class=\"swiper scaler-ss-swiper\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-wrapper js-ss-wrapper\"><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <button class=\"scaler-ss__nav scaler-ss__nav--prev js-ss-prev\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n            <svg fill=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"transform: rotate(-90deg);\"><path d=\"M5.313 16l10.688-10.688 10.688 10.688-1.938 1.875-7.438-7.438v16.25h-2.625v-16.25l-7.5 7.438z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n          <\/button>\n          <button class=\"scaler-ss__nav scaler-ss__nav--next js-ss-next\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n            <svg fill=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"transform: rotate(90deg);\"><path d=\"M5.313 16l10.688-10.688 10.688 10.688-1.938 1.875-7.438-7.438v16.25h-2.625v-16.25l-7.5 7.438z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <script>\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", () => {\n\n      const ASSET_CDN = \"https:\/\/d2beiqkhq929f0.cloudfront.net\/public_assets\/assets\";\n      const AVATAR_FALLBACK =\n        \"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' width='44' height='44' viewBox='0 0 44 44'%3E%3Ccircle cx='22' cy='22' r='22' fill='%23e6e6e6'\/%3E%3Ccircle cx='22' cy='17' r='7' fill='%23b9b9b9'\/%3E%3Cpath d='M8 40c0-8 6.3-13 14-13s14 5 14 13' fill='%23b9b9b9'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\";\n\n      \/\/ Mirrors buildAssetUrl(): pass through absolute urls, else build the CDN url.\n      function buildAssetUrl(raw) {\n        if (!raw) return \"\";\n        if (String(raw).startsWith(\"http\")) return raw;\n        return `${ASSET_CDN}\/${raw}\/original`;\n      }\n\n      const instances = document.querySelectorAll(\".js-scaler-ss\");\n\n      instances.forEach(container => {\n        if (container.dataset.initialized === \"true\") return;\n        container.dataset.initialized = \"true\";\n\n        const swiperElement = container.querySelector(\".scaler-ss-swiper\");\n        const wrapper = container.querySelector(\".js-ss-wrapper\");\n        const template = container.querySelector(\".js-ss-card-template\");\n        const nextBtn = container.querySelector(\".js-ss-next\");\n        const prevBtn = container.querySelector(\".js-ss-prev\");\n\n        if (!wrapper || !template) {\n          console.error(\"Scaler Success Stories: missing required elements\");\n          return;\n        }\n\n        const swiper = new Swiper(swiperElement, {\n          slidesPerView: \"auto\",\n          spaceBetween: 16,\n          grabCursor: true,\n          observer: true,\n          observeParents: true,\n          navigation: { nextEl: nextBtn, prevEl: prevBtn },\n        });\n\n        const pathParts = location.pathname.split(\"\/\").filter(Boolean);\n        const currentSlug = pathParts.length > 0 ? pathParts[pathParts.length - 1] : \"homepage\";\n        const profileUrl =\n          `https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/review\/?utm_source=blog&utm_medium=success_stories&utm_content=${currentSlug}`;\n\n        function showSkeletons(count = 4) {\n          wrapper.innerHTML = \"\";\n          for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n            const clone = template.content.cloneNode(true);\n            clone.querySelector(\".scaler-ss-card\").classList.add(\"scaler-ss-card--skeleton\");\n            wrapper.appendChild(clone);\n          }\n          swiper.update();\n        }\n\n        function renderStories(stories) {\n          wrapper.innerHTML = \"\";\n          if (!stories.length) {\n            container.style.display = \"none\";   \/\/ match topics: render nothing when empty\n            return;\n          }\n\n          stories.forEach(story => {\n            const a = story.attributes || {};\n            const clone = template.content.cloneNode(true);\n\n            const hike = String(a.growth || \"\").replace(\"%\", \"\").trim() || \"150\";\n            clone.querySelector(\".js-ss-hike\").textContent = `${hike}% HIKE`;\n\n            \/\/ Avatar\n            const avatar = buildAssetUrl(a.image_url) || a.generated_thumbnail_url || \"\";\n            const img = clone.querySelector(\".js-ss-avatar\");\n            img.src = avatar || AVATAR_FALLBACK;\n            img.alt = a.name || \"Scaler alumnus\";\n            img.onerror = function () { this.onerror = null; this.src = AVATAR_FALLBACK; };\n\n            clone.querySelector(\".js-ss-name\").textContent = a.name || \"\";\n            const cityEl = clone.querySelector(\".js-ss-city\");\n            if (a.city) cityEl.textContent = a.city; else cityEl.style.display = \"none\";\n\n            \/\/ BEFORE\n            clone.querySelector(\".js-ss-before-role\").textContent = a.pre_scaler_role || a.pre_academy_company || \"\";\n            const beforeCompany = clone.querySelector(\".js-ss-before-company\");\n            if (a.pre_academy_company) beforeCompany.textContent = a.pre_academy_company;\n            else beforeCompany.style.display = \"none\";\n\n            \/\/ NOW\n            clone.querySelector(\".js-ss-now-role\").textContent = a.role || \"\";\n            const nowCompanyBox = clone.querySelector(\".js-ss-now-company\");\n            const companyLogo = buildAssetUrl(a.company_logo_url);\n            if (companyLogo) {\n              const logo = document.createElement(\"img\");\n              logo.className = \"scaler-ss-card__company-logo\";\n              logo.src = companyLogo;\n              logo.alt = a.post_academy_company || \"company\";\n              logo.loading = \"lazy\";\n              logo.onerror = function () {\n                this.onerror = null;\n                this.replaceWith(Object.assign(document.createElement(\"div\"), {\n                  className: \"scaler-ss-card__col-company\",\n                  textContent: a.post_academy_company || \"\",\n                }));\n              };\n              nowCompanyBox.appendChild(logo);\n            } else if (a.post_academy_company) {\n              nowCompanyBox.className = \"scaler-ss-card__col-company\";\n              nowCompanyBox.textContent = a.post_academy_company;\n            }\n\n            \/\/ Quote (clip to 110 chars like topics)\n            const quoteEl = clone.querySelector(\".js-ss-quote\");\n            quoteEl.textContent = `\u201c${String(a.content).slice(0, 110)}\u2026\u201d`;\n\n            \/\/ View Profile\n            clone.querySelector(\".js-ss-cta\").href = profileUrl;\n\n            wrapper.appendChild(clone);\n          });\n\n          swiper.update();\n          swiper.slideTo(0);\n        }\n\n        async function fetchStories() {\n          try {\n            showSkeletons();\n            \/\/ Same-origin POST on www.scaler.com (the blog canonical host).\n            \/\/ The endpoint only returns JSON when the Referer is a \/topics\/ page\n            \/\/ (a soft anti-hotlinking gate); a \/blog\/ referer gets a Turbolinks\n            \/\/ redirect. Since blog + topics are the same origin, we set the\n            \/\/ fetch referrer to a topics URL so the server serves the data.\n            const res = await fetch(\"\/success-stories\/testimonials\", {\n              method: \"POST\",\n              credentials: \"include\",\n              referrer: \"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/topics\/\",\n              referrerPolicy: \"unsafe-url\",\n              headers: {\n                \"Content-Type\": \"application\/json\",\n                \"Accept\": \"application\/json\",\n                \"X-Requested-With\": \"XMLHttpRequest\",\n              },\n              \/\/ q:{} => all programs (no program filter)\n              body: JSON.stringify({\n                page_number: 1,\n                per_page: 12,\n                sort_by: \"eligible_for_qna\",\n                new_quick_filters: true,\n                quick_filter: [],\n                q: {},\n              }),\n            });\n            const json = await res.json();\n            const all = (json && json.data && json.data.data) || [];\n            \/\/ Only show stories that carry a testimonial quote (matches topics).\n            const withQuote = all.filter(s => s.attributes && s.attributes.content);\n            renderStories(withQuote);\n          } catch (error) {\n            console.error(\"Failed to load success stories:\", error);\n            container.style.display = \"none\";\n          }\n        }\n\n        fetchStories();\n      });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"interview-walkthroughs-what-to-build-next\"><\/span><strong>Interview Walkthroughs &amp; What to Build Next<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The questions you get about a project will depend on what you have added to it. A REST API can lead to questions about JPA relationships, validation, and the N+1 query problem. Once transactions are involved, you may need to explain where you placed the transaction boundary and why.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The later projects give you a different set of questions. If Kafka is handling events, you should be able to discuss duplicate messages and idempotency. If the application uses microservices, expect questions around service boundaries, communication between services, and what happens when one service goes down.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can use the projects to prepare for those discussions while you build them. If you add caching, know what is being cached and when that cache should be invalidated. If you introduce a circuit breaker, know which failure it is meant to contain. If you split an application into services, be ready to explain why those services are separate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once you've covered the projects in this list, you don't have to stop with Spring Boot. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/topics\/java-projects\/\">Java projects<\/a> collection has ideas across the wider Java ecosystem, while the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/topics\/spring-boot\/\">Spring Boot topic hub<\/a> can help when you want to go deeper into a particular concept.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If microservices are the direction you want to take next, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/academy\/\">Scaler's Software Development Program<\/a> covers them as part of a broader software development path.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"faqs\"><\/span><strong>FAQs<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. What Spring Boot projects should a beginner build?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can start with a simple REST API such as an employee management or to-do application. Use it to get comfortable with controllers, services, repositories, JPA, validation, and error handling. Once that feels familiar, a project such as a blogging platform can introduce relationships, authentication, and other features without jumping straight into microservices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Which Spring Boot project is best for a resume?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It depends, because the best choice really depends on what the recruiters are demanding or what you are good at. So, you should go for a sprong boot project that matches the skills mentioned in the job description and gives you something specific to discuss in an interview. For example, an e-commerce backend can demonstrate microservices, JWT authentication, Kafka, testing, Docker, and Kubernetes when those are actually part of what you built.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Should my Spring Boot project use microservices?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not necessarily. If you're still getting comfortable with Spring Boot, start with a single application and build the REST, database, validation, security, and testing foundations first. You can then take the same application into microservices by separating its responsibilities into services and introducing communication between them. Splitting an application too early can make it harder to understand what each part of the system is doing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. What database should Spring Boot projects use?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can use H2 when you want a quick setup for learning or testing, but a portfolio project is better served by a real database such as PostgreSQL or MySQL. Working with a real database gives you the opportunity to practise JPA mappings, relationships, queries, transactions, and database configuration in a setup closer to what you may encounter in backend work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. How do I add authentication to a Spring Boot project?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can use Spring Security to protect your Spring Boot API and add JWT-based authentication. A typical setup has a login flow that authenticates the user, a token that is sent with subsequent requests, and security rules that determine which endpoints or operations the user can access. You can then add roles such as USER and ADMIN when different users need different permissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6. Are Spring Boot projects enough to get a Java backend job?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Projects are a great addition to your profile, but you need to keep other things in mind as well. A strong portfolio can demonstrate that you know how to build and work with backend systems, while Core Java, DSA, databases, REST APIs, and backend fundamentals help you handle technical interviews. For more advanced roles, projects involving testing, microservices, messaging, Docker, and deployment can give you more substantial examples to discuss.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spring Boot handles a surprising amount of the setup behind a Java application. You can start with a web application, connect Spring Data JPA to a database, add validation or security, and bring in other Spring projects as the application needs them. So which Spring Boot projects can help you? An employee management API is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":241,"featured_media":14398,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35,410],"tags":[605],"class_list":["post-14397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-software-development","category-projects","tag-springboot-projects"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/241"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14397"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14397\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14399,"href":"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14397\/revisions\/14399"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scaler.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}