Solution 3 for Scaler Topics Fortnightly Contest

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Now, we have to find out the number of possible arrays (of size A consisting of values between 1 and B inclusive) such that their GCD is G (1 <= G <= B).
For an array to have GCD as G, all the elements should be divisible by G i.e all the elements should be multiples of G. But if all the elements are mutliples of k * G (k > 1) as well, their GCD is k * G not G.
Let counts[G] denote the count of possible arrays (of size A consisting of values between 1 and B inclusive) such that their GCD is G.
Number of arrays (of size A consisting of values between 1 and B inclusive) such that all elements are multiples of G = pow(B/G,A).
Hence counts[G] = pow(B/G,A)- counts[2 * G] - counts[3 * G] …
If we calculate counts in reverse order (i.e. for B to 1), we can easily calculate for each G.
Pseudo-Code: ans=0 for G in range(B,0,-1): cnt=pow(B//G,A,mod) for j in range(1,B//G+1): cnt=(cnt-counts[Gj])%mod counts[G]=cnt ans=(ans+(Gcnt)%mod)%mod
Time Complexity Both loops run in: O(B/B + B/(B-1) + … + B/2 + B/1) = O(B * log(B)) Calculating pow(x, y, mod) would take O(y) time using Modular Exponentiation. Hence, Total- O(B * (log(B) + log(A))
Space Complexity - O(B)