C++ Tutorial

What is C++?

C++ is a general purpose programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979. It was created as an extension to the C programming language and was initially called "C with classes".

C++ is a middle-level programming language. It has features of both high and low level programming languages.

Why Learn C++?

If anyone wants to learn to program, the C++ programming language can be a great choice. Let us look at the reason why anyone should learn C++:

• C++ teaches you the concept of object-oriented programming.
• C++ is close to the hardware. It lets you manage your program's memory, resulting in efficient and robust software development.
• C++ is faster than the most commonly used languages like Java, Python, or JavaScript.
• C++ is used to develop browsers, games, and even operating systems.
• C++ teaches you about different data types, the scope of variables, the difference between a compiler, linker, and loader, and much more.
• After learning C++, it becomes much easier to learn new languages like Python or JavaScript.

C++ Program

This C++ tutorial provides C++ programs and their Explanation along with a C++ compiler, allowing you to easily modify the code:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    cout << "Hello World!";
    return 0;
}

Output

Hello World!

Applications of C++ Programming

C++ is being used in various popular fields like:

• Operating Systems: Windows, Mac OS and Linux, are all developed in C++. C++ is the backbone of many operating systems because it is fast, reliable, and efficient.
• Databases: Postgres and MySQL are written in C++ and C. These databases are two of the most widely used databases across the world.
• Cloud Storage Systems: C++ is used to develop cloud storage systems because is it very close to the hardware and is compatible with many machines.
• Programming Libraries: C++ is used to develop many high level libraries like TensorFlow because of its high speed.
• Browsers: The rendering engine of many browsers is written in C++ because of its speed and low latency.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs)

Object-oriented programming is an approach to programming that allows us to create classes and objects in our code. The main reason why C++ was created over C was to introduce object-oriented programming.

The four major concepts of object-oriented programming used in C++ are:

1. Inheritance
2. Polymorphism
3. Abstraction
4. Encapsulation

C++ Standard Libraries

The standard C++ library is composed of:

1. The core library - It includes variables, data types, etc.
2. The Standard Library - It includes functions, manipulating strings, files, etc.
3. The Standard Template Library (STL) - It includes methods to manipulate a data structure.

Usage of C++

We can use C++ programs to develop various applications like:

• Client-Server applications
• Windows applications
• Embedded firmware
• Drivers

Prerequisites

The only prerequisite to learning C++ is the basic functionality of computer programs.

Audience

By following this C++ tutorial, you will gain a solid understanding of the language and be able to progress to more advanced topics. This tutorial is intended for software programmers who want to learn the C++ programming language from the very beginning. It provides enough knowledge to serve as a foundation for building a higher level of expertise in C++ programming.

What will you Learn in This C++ Tutorial?

In this C++ tutorial, we will learn:

• History of C++
• C++ features
• Variables and data types in C++
• C++ operators
• Control statements in C++
• Functions in C++
• C++ pointers
• C++ arrays
• Object-oriented programming
• Namespaces in C++
• C++ templates
• Exception handling in C++
• Standard Library in C++