sqrt() in C++
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Overview
sqrt() in C++ is used to return the square root of any number. It is defined in the cmath header file. It takes in a non-negative number as an argument and returns the square root of that number.
We can state mathematically : sqrt(x) = √x.
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+1000 moreSyntax of sqrt() in C++
The syntax of sqrt in C++ is as follows:
Here x is a non-negative number whose square root in C++ is to be calculated.
Parameters of sqrt() in C++
Following are the parameters of sqrt() function in C++ :
- x : A non-negative number whose square root is to be calculated.
Return Value of sqrt() in C++
The return value of sqrt() in C++ is the square root of the given number x. This square root returned is of datatype double.
Exceptions for sqrt() in C++
Let us now go through the exceptions of sqrt() in C++ :
- sqrt() in C++ is only defined for non-negative numbers. This means negative numbers are out of the domain for the sqrt() method. Thus, domain error will occur if negative numbers are passed as arguments to sqrt in C++.
- If we use the sqrt() method in C++ without any argument, it will throw an error stating that "no matching function for call to sqrt()"
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Let us now go through an example and the code for sqrt() in C++:
We will see what sqrt() in C++ returns if we pass zero, a perfect square number, a not-perfect number, a decimal number, and a negative number as a parameter.
Code :
Output :
As we can see, we get the square root of the number whenever we pass a non-negative argument. The square root is not defined for negative numbers, so we get nan when we pass -19.
What is sqrt() in C++ ?
Let us once again revisit the points we studied about sqrt in C++ :
- The sqrt() function in C++ is defined in the cmath header file and is used to return the square root of a number.
- The sqrt() method takes a non-negative number as an argument and returns its square root in datatype double.
- sqrt() in C++ is not defined for negative numbers. Thus, it gives domain error whenever negative numbers are passed as an argument.
- sqrt() method can not be called without using any argument, else it will throw an error.
- sqrt() in C++ is defined for double values only, but it works fine with integral values, too, since the integer values are implicitly converted into type double.
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Example :
In the first example, we shall use sqrt with double arguments, and in the second, we shall use sqrt with integral arguments.
1. Sqrt in c++
Let us calculate the sqrt of a double value, say 98.56:
Output:
Explanation:
As we can see, the return value is of type double.
2. Sqrt in c++ with Integral Argument
Let us see what happens if we pass an integral value, say 98, to the sqrt() method.
Output:
Explanation:
Though sqrt() in C++ is defined for double only, it did not through an error when we passed an integral value. This is because C++ implicitly converted the integral value to a double value.
The return value is of type double.
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Conclusion
- sqrt() in C++ returns the square root of a non-negative number. It gives a domain error if negative numbers are passed.
- It is defined in the cmath header file.
- The return value is of type double.
