sqrt() in C++

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Syntax of sqrt() in C++

The syntax of sqrt in C++ is as follows:

Here x is a non-negative number whose square root in C++ is to be calculated.

Parameters of sqrt() in C++

Following are the parameters of sqrt() function in C++ :

• x : A non-negative number whose square root is to be calculated.

Return Value of sqrt() in C++

The return value of sqrt() in C++ is the square root of the given number x. This square root returned is of datatype double.

Exceptions for sqrt() in C++

Let us now go through the exceptions of sqrt() in C++ :

• sqrt() in C++ is only defined for non-negative numbers. This means negative numbers are out of the domain for the sqrt() method. Thus, domain error will occur if negative numbers are passed as arguments to sqrt in C++.
• If we use the sqrt() method in C++ without any argument, it will throw an error stating that "no matching function for call to sqrt()"

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Example of sqrt() Function

Let us now go through an example and the code for sqrt() in C++:

We will see what sqrt() in C++ returns if we pass zero, a perfect square number, a not-perfect number, a decimal number, and a negative number as a parameter.

Code :

Output :

As we can see, we get the square root of the number whenever we pass a non-negative argument. The square root is not defined for negative numbers, so we get nan when we pass -19.

What is sqrt() in C++ ?

Let us once again revisit the points we studied about sqrt in C++ :

• The sqrt() function in C++ is defined in the cmath header file and is used to return the square root of a number.
• The sqrt() method takes a non-negative number as an argument and returns its square root in datatype double.
• sqrt() in C++ is not defined for negative numbers. Thus, it gives domain error whenever negative numbers are passed as an argument.
• sqrt() method can not be called without using any argument, else it will throw an error.
• sqrt() in C++ is defined for double values only, but it works fine with integral values, too, since the integer values are implicitly converted into type double.

Example :

In the first example, we shall use sqrt with double arguments, and in the second, we shall use sqrt with integral arguments.

1. Sqrt in c++

Let us calculate the sqrt of a double value, say 98.56:

Output:

Explanation:
As we can see, the return value is of type double.

2. Sqrt in c++ with Integral Argument

Let us see what happens if we pass an integral value, say 98, to the sqrt() method.

Output:

Explanation:
Though sqrt() in C++ is defined for double only, it did not through an error when we passed an integral value. This is because C++ implicitly converted the integral value to a double value.

The return value is of type double.

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